File: clam.sh
   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # The MIT License (MIT)
   4 #
   5 # Copyright (c) 2026 pacman64
   6 #
   7 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   8 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   9 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  10 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  11 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  12 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  13 #
  14 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  15 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  16 #
  17 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  18 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  19 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  20 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  21 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  22 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
  23 # SOFTWARE.
  24 
  25 
  26 # clam
  27 #
  28 # Command-Line Augmentation Module (clam): get the best out of your shell.
  29 #
  30 #
  31 # This is a collection of arguably useful shell functions and shortcuts:
  32 # some of these extra commands can be real time/effort savers, ideally
  33 # letting you concentrate on getting things done.
  34 #
  35 # Some of these commands depend on my other scripts from the `pac-tools`,
  36 # others either rely on widely-preinstalled command-line apps, or ones
  37 # which are available on most of the major command-line `package` managers.
  38 #
  39 # To use this script, you're supposed to `source` it, so its definitions
  40 # stay for your whole shell session: for that, you can run `source clam` or
  41 # `. clam` (no quotes either way), either directly or at shell startup.
  42 #
  43 # Almost all commands defined in this script work with `bash`, `zsh`, and
  44 # even `dash`, which is debian linux's default non-interactive shell. Some
  45 # of its commands even seem to work on busybox's shell.
  46 
  47 
  48 case "$1" in
  49     -h|--h|-help|--help)
  50         # show help message, using the info-comment from this very script
  51         awk '
  52             /^case / { exit }
  53             /^# +clam$/, /^$/ { gsub(/^# ?/, ""); print }
  54         ' "$0"
  55         exit 0
  56     ;;
  57 esac
  58 
  59 
  60 # dash doesn't support regex-matching syntax, forcing to use case statements
  61 case "$0" in
  62     -bash|-dash|-sh|bash|dash|sh|/bin/sh)
  63         # script is being sourced with bash, dash, or ash, which is good
  64         :
  65     ;;
  66 
  67     *)
  68         case "$ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT" in
  69             *:file)
  70                 # script is being sourced with zsh, which is good
  71                 :
  72             ;;
  73 
  74             *)
  75                 # script is being run normally, which is a waste of time
  76         printf "\e[7mDon't run this script directly: instead source it\e[0m\n"
  77         printf "\e[7mby running '. clam' (without the single quotes).\e[0m\n"
  78         printf "\n"
  79         printf "\e[7mBefore doing that, you may want to see the help,\e[0m\n"
  80         printf "\e[7mby running 'clam -h' (without the single quotes).\e[0m\n"
  81                 # exiting during shell-startup may deny shell access, even if
  82                 # the script is being run, instead of being sourced directly
  83             ;;
  84         esac
  85     ;;
  86 esac
  87 
  88 
  89 alias 0='sbs'
  90 
  91 alias 1='bsbs 1'
  92 alias 2='bsbs 2'
  93 alias 3='bsbs 3'
  94 alias 4='bsbs 4'
  95 alias 5='bsbs 5'
  96 alias 6='bsbs 6'
  97 alias 7='bsbs 7'
  98 alias 8='bsbs 8'
  99 alias 9='bsbs 9'
 100 
 101 # Less with Header n runs `less` with line numbers, ANSI styles, without
 102 # line-wraps, and using the first n lines as a sticky-header, so they always
 103 # show on top
 104 alias lh1='less --header=1 -MKNiCRS'
 105 alias lh2='less --header=2 -MKNiCRS'
 106 alias lh3='less --header=3 -MKNiCRS'
 107 alias lh4='less --header=4 -MKNiCRS'
 108 alias lh5='less --header=5 -MKNiCRS'
 109 alias lh6='less --header=6 -MKNiCRS'
 110 alias lh7='less --header=7 -MKNiCRS'
 111 alias lh8='less --header=8 -MKNiCRS'
 112 alias lh9='less --header=9 -MKNiCRS'
 113 
 114 # View with Header n runs `less` without line numbers, ANSI styles, without
 115 # line-wraps, and using the first n lines as a sticky-header, so they always
 116 # show on top
 117 alias vh1='less --header=1 -MKiCRS'
 118 alias vh2='less --header=2 -MKiCRS'
 119 alias vh3='less --header=3 -MKiCRS'
 120 alias vh4='less --header=4 -MKiCRS'
 121 alias vh5='less --header=5 -MKiCRS'
 122 alias vh6='less --header=6 -MKiCRS'
 123 alias vh7='less --header=7 -MKiCRS'
 124 alias vh8='less --header=8 -MKiCRS'
 125 alias vh9='less --header=9 -MKiCRS'
 126 
 127 alias c='cat'
 128 alias e='echo'
 129 alias r='reset'
 130 
 131 # Awk Print
 132 alias ap=abp
 133 
 134 # Book-like MANual, lays out `man` docs as pairs of side-by-side pages; uses
 135 # my tool `bsbs`
 136 alias bman=bookman
 137 
 138 # load/concatenate BYTES from named data sources
 139 # alias bytes='cat'
 140 
 141 # load/concatenate BYTES from named data sources; uses my tool `get`
 142 alias bytes='get'
 143 
 144 # Compile C Optimized
 145 alias cco='cc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 146 
 147 # Color DMESG
 148 alias cdmesg='dmesg --color=always'
 149 
 150 # Colored Json Query runs the `jq` app, allowing an optional filepath as the
 151 # data source, and even an optional transformation formula
 152 alias cjq='jq -C'
 153 
 154 # CLear Screen
 155 alias cls='tput -T xterm reset 2> /dev/null || reset'
 156 
 157 # Compile C Plus Plus Optimized
 158 alias cppo='c++ -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 159 
 160 # CURL Silent spares you the progress bar, but still tells you about errors
 161 alias curls='curl --silent --show-error'
 162 
 163 # dictionary-DEFine the word given, using an online service
 164 alias def=define
 165 
 166 # turn JSON Lines into a proper json array
 167 # alias dejsonl='jq -s -M'
 168 
 169 # turn json lines into a proper json array using the `jq` app
 170 alias dejql='jq -s -M'
 171 
 172 # turn UTF-16 data into UTF-8
 173 alias deutf16='iconv -f utf16 -t utf8'
 174 
 175 # edit plain-text files
 176 # alias edit='micro'
 177 
 178 # ENV with 0/null-terminated lines on stdout
 179 alias env0='env -0'
 180 
 181 # ENV Change folder, runs the command given in the folder given (first)
 182 alias envc='env -C'
 183 
 184 # Extended Plain Interactive Grep
 185 alias epig='ugrep --color=never -Q -E'
 186 
 187 # Editor Read-Only
 188 alias ero='micro -readonly true'
 189 
 190 # Expand 4 turns each tab into up to 4 spaces
 191 alias expand4='expand -t 4'
 192 
 193 # run the Fuzzy Finder (fzf) in multi-choice mode, with custom keybindings
 194 alias ff='fzf -m --bind ctrl-a:select-all,ctrl-space:toggle'
 195 
 196 # get FILE's MIME types
 197 alias filemime='file --mime-type'
 198 
 199 # run `gcc` with all optimizations on and with static analysis on
 200 alias gccmax='gcc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto -fanalyzer'
 201 
 202 # hold stdout if used at the end of a pipe-chain
 203 alias hold='less -MKiCRS'
 204 
 205 # find all hyperlinks inside HREF attributes in the input text
 206 alias hrefs=href
 207 
 208 # make JSON Lines out of JSON data
 209 alias jl=jsonl
 210 
 211 # shrink/compact JSON using the `jq` app, allowing an optional filepath, and
 212 # even an optional transformation formula after that
 213 alias jq0='jq -c -M'
 214 
 215 # show JSON data on multiple lines, using 2 spaces for each indentation level,
 216 # allowing an optional filepath, and even an optional transformation formula
 217 # after that
 218 alias jq2='jq --indent 2 -M'
 219 
 220 # find the LAN (local-area network) IP address for this device
 221 alias lanip='hostname -I'
 222 
 223 # run `less`, showing line numbers, among other settings
 224 alias least='less -MKNiCRS'
 225 
 226 # try to run the command given using line-buffering for its (standard) output
 227 alias livelines='stdbuf -oL'
 228 
 229 # LOAD data from the filename or URI given; uses my `get` tool
 230 alias load=get
 231 
 232 # LOcal SERver webserves files in a folder as localhost, using the port
 233 # number given, or port 8080 by default
 234 alias loser=serve
 235 
 236 # Live RipGrep
 237 alias lrg='rg --line-buffered'
 238 
 239 # run `ls` showing how many 4k pages each file takes
 240 alias lspages='ls -s --block-size=4096'
 241 
 242 # Listen To Youtube
 243 alias lty=yap
 244 
 245 # MAKE IN folder
 246 alias makein=mif
 247 
 248 # Multi-Core MaKe runs `make` using all cores
 249 alias mcmk=mcmake
 250 
 251 # run `less`, showing line numbers, among other settings
 252 alias most='less -MKNiCRS'
 253 
 254 # emit nothing to output and/or discard everything from input
 255 alias nil=null
 256 
 257 # Nice Json Query colors JSON data using the `jq` app
 258 alias njq=cjq
 259 
 260 # Plain Interactive Grep
 261 alias pig='ugrep --color=never -Q -E'
 262 
 263 # Quick Compile C Optimized
 264 alias qcco='cc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 265 
 266 # Quick Compile C Plus Plus Optimized
 267 alias qcppo='c++ -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 268 
 269 # Read-Only Editor
 270 alias roe='micro -readonly true'
 271 
 272 # Read-Only Micro (text editor)
 273 alias rom='micro -readonly true'
 274 
 275 # Read-Only Top
 276 alias rot='htop --readonly'
 277 
 278 # RUN IN folder
 279 alias runin='env -C'
 280 
 281 # place lines Side-By-Side
 282 # alias sbs='column'
 283 
 284 # Silent CURL spares you the progress bar, but still tells you about errors
 285 alias scurl='curl --silent --show-error'
 286 
 287 # Stdbuf Output Line-buffered
 288 alias sol='stdbuf -oL'
 289 
 290 # TRY running a command, showing its outcome/error-code on failure; uses my
 291 # `verdict` tool
 292 alias try='verdict'
 293 
 294 # Time Verbosely the command given
 295 alias tv='/usr/bin/time -v'
 296 
 297 # VERTical REVert emits lines in reverse order of appearance
 298 alias vertrev='tac'
 299 
 300 # emit lines in reverse order of appearance
 301 alias upsidedown='tac'
 302 
 303 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options
 304 alias vetc='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive'
 305 
 306 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options, also checking for c89 compliance
 307 alias vetc89='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive --std=c89'
 308 
 309 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options
 310 alias vetcpp='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive'
 311 
 312 # VET SHell scripts
 313 alias vetsh=vetshell
 314 
 315 # check shell scripts for common gotchas, avoiding complaints about using
 316 # the `local` keyword, which is widely supported in practice
 317 alias vetshell='shellcheck -e 3043'
 318 
 319 # run a command using an empty environment
 320 alias void='env -i'
 321 
 322 # turn plain-text from latin-1 into UTF-8; the name is from `vulgarization`,
 323 # which is the mutation of languages away from latin during the middle ages
 324 alias vulgarize='iconv -f latin-1 -t utf-8'
 325 
 326 # recursively find all files with trailing spaces/CRs
 327 alias wheretrails=whichtrails
 328 
 329 # run `xargs`, using zero/null bytes as the extra-arguments terminator
 330 alias x0='xargs -0'
 331 
 332 # Xargs Lines, runs `xargs` using whole lines as extra arguments
 333 alias xl=xargsl
 334 
 335 # Awk Begin Print
 336 abp() {
 337     local arg
 338     for arg in "$@"; do
 339         awk "BEGIN { print (${arg}); exit }"
 340     done
 341 }
 342 
 343 # APT UPdate/grade
 344 aptup() { sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade "$@"; sudo -k; }
 345 
 346 # emit each argument given as its own line of output
 347 args() { [ $# -eq 0 ] || printf "%s\n" "$@"; }
 348 
 349 # AWK in BLOCKS/paragraphs-input mode
 350 awkblocks() {
 351     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 352         stdbuf -oL awk -F='' -v RS='' "$@"
 353     else
 354         awk -F='' -v RS='' "$@"
 355     fi
 356 }
 357 
 358 # AWK using TABS as input/output field-separators
 359 awktabs() {
 360     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 361         stdbuf -oL awk -F "\t" -v OFS="\t" "$@"
 362     else
 363         awk -F "\t" -v OFS="\t" "$@"
 364     fi
 365 }
 366 
 367 # Breathe lines 3: separate groups of 3 lines with empty lines
 368 b3() {
 369     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 370         stdbuf -oL awk 'NR % 3 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 371     else
 372         awk 'NR % 3 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 373     fi
 374 }
 375 
 376 # Breathe lines 5: separate groups of 5 lines with empty lines
 377 b5() {
 378     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 379         stdbuf -oL awk 'NR % 5 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 380     else
 381         awk 'NR % 5 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 382     fi
 383 }
 384 
 385 # show an ansi-styled BANNER-like line
 386 banner() { printf "\e[7m%-$(tput -T xterm cols)s\e[0m\n" "$*"; }
 387 
 388 # emit a colored bar which can help visually separate different outputs
 389 bar() {
 390     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\e[48;2;218;218;218m%${1:-80}s\e[0m\n" ""
 391 }
 392 
 393 # Breathe Header 3: add an empty line after the first one (the header),
 394 # then separate groups of 3 lines with empty lines between them
 395 bh3() {
 396     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 397         stdbuf -oL awk '(NR - 1) % 3 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 398     else
 399         awk '(NR - 1) % 3 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 400     fi
 401 }
 402 
 403 # Breathe Header 5: add an empty line after the first one (the header),
 404 # then separate groups of 5 lines with empty lines between them
 405 bh5() {
 406     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 407         stdbuf -oL awk '(NR - 1) % 5 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 408     else
 409         awk '(NR - 1) % 5 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 410     fi
 411 }
 412 
 413 # emit a line with a repeating block-like symbol in it
 414 blocks() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -█-g'; }
 415 
 416 # BOOK-like MANual, lays out `man` docs as pairs of side-by-side pages; uses
 417 # my tool `bsbs`
 418 bookman() {
 419     local w
 420     w="$(tput -T xterm cols)"
 421     w="$((w / 2 - 4))"
 422     if [ "$w" -lt 65 ]; then
 423         w=65
 424     fi
 425     MANWIDTH="$w" man "$@" | bsbs 2
 426 }
 427 
 428 # split lines using the separator given, turning them into single-item lines
 429 breakdown() {
 430     local sep="${1:- }"
 431     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 432     local command='awk'
 433     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 434         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 435     fi
 436 
 437     ${command} -F "${sep}" '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }' "$@"
 438 }
 439 
 440 # CAlculator with Nice numbers runs my tool `ca` and colors results with
 441 # my tool `nn`, alternating styles to make long numbers easier to read
 442 can() {
 443     local arg
 444     for arg in "$@"; do
 445         [ $# -ge 2 ] && printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n" "${arg}" > /dev/stderr
 446         ca "${arg}" | nn
 447     done
 448 }
 449 
 450 # uppercase the first letter on each line, and lowercase all later letters
 451 capitalize() { sed -E 's-^(.*)-\L\1-; s-^(.)-\u\1-'; }
 452 
 453 # center-align lines of text, using the current screen width
 454 center() {
 455     awk -v width="$(tput -T xterm cols)" '
 456         {
 457             gsub(/\r$/, "")
 458             lines[NR] = $0
 459             s = $0
 460             gsub(/\x1b\[[0-9;]*[A-Za-z]/, "", s) # ANSI style-changers
 461             l = length(s)
 462             if (maxlen < l) maxlen = l
 463         }
 464 
 465         END {
 466             n = (width - maxlen) / 2
 467             if (n % 1) n = n - (n % 1)
 468             fmt = sprintf("%%%ds%%s\n", (n > 0) ? n : 0)
 469             for (i = 1; i <= NR; i++) printf fmt, "", lines[i]
 470         }
 471     ' "$@"
 472 }
 473 
 474 # Colored Go Test on the folder given; uses my command `gbm`
 475 cgt() {
 476     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
 477     /usr/bin/time -f "$f" go test "${@:-.}" 2>&1 \
 478     | gbm '^ok' '^[-]* ?FAIL' '^\?'
 479 }
 480 
 481 # Colored RipGrep ensures app `rg` emits colors when piped
 482 crg() {
 483     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 484         rg --line-buffered --color=always "${@:-.}"
 485     else
 486         rg --color=always "${@:-.}"
 487     fi
 488 }
 489 
 490 # Compile Rust Optimized
 491 cro() {
 492     rustc -C lto=true -C codegen-units=1 -C debuginfo=0 -C strip=symbols \
 493         -C opt-level=3 "$@"
 494 }
 495 
 496 # emit a line with a repeating cross-like symbol in it
 497 crosses() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -×-g'; }
 498 
 499 # listen to streaming DANCE music
 500 dance() {
 501     printf "streaming \e[7mDance Wave Retro\e[0m\n"
 502     mpv --really-quiet https://retro.dancewave.online/retrodance.mp3
 503 }
 504 
 505 # emit a line with a repeating dash-like symbol in it
 506 dashes() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -—-g'; }
 507 
 508 # remove commas in numbers, as well as leading dollar signs in numbers
 509 decomma() {
 510     sed -E 's-([0-9]{3}),-\1-g; s-([0-9]{1,2}),-\1-g; s-\$([0-9\.]+)-\1-g'
 511 }
 512 
 513 dehtmlify() {
 514     local command='awk'
 515     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 516         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 517     fi
 518 
 519     ${command} '
 520         {
 521             gsub(/<\/?[^>]+>/, "")
 522             gsub(/&amp;/, "&")
 523             gsub(/&lt;/, "<")
 524             gsub(/&gt;/, ">")
 525             gsub(/^ +| *\r?$/, "")
 526             gsub(/  +/, " ")
 527             print
 528         }
 529     ' "$@"
 530 }
 531 
 532 # expand tabs each into up to the number of space given, or 4 by default
 533 detab() {
 534     local tabstop="${1:-4}"
 535     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 536     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 537         stdbuf -oL expand -t "${tabstop}" "$@"
 538     else
 539         expand -t "${tabstop}" "$@"
 540     fi
 541 }
 542 
 543 # DIVide 2 numbers 3 ways, including the complement
 544 div() {
 545     awk -v a="${1:-1}" -v b="${2:-1}" '
 546         BEGIN {
 547             gsub(/_/, "", a)
 548             gsub(/_/, "", b)
 549             if (a > b) { c = a; a = b; b = c }
 550             c = 1 - a / b
 551             if (0 <= c && c <= 1) printf "%f\n%f\n%f\n", a / b, b / a, c
 552             else printf "%f\n%f\n", a / b, b / a
 553             exit
 554         }'
 555 }
 556 
 557 # emit a line with a repeating dot-like symbol in it
 558 dots() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -·-g'; }
 559 
 560 # show the current Date and Time
 561 dt() {
 562     printf "\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n" \
 563         "$(date +'%a %b %d')" "$(date +%T)"
 564 }
 565 
 566 # show the current Date, Time, and a Calendar with the 3 `current` months
 567 dtc() {
 568     {
 569         # show the current date/time center-aligned
 570         printf "%20s\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n\n" \
 571             "" "$(date +'%a %b %d')" "$(date +%T)"
 572         # debian linux has a different `cal` app which highlights the day
 573         if [ -e /usr/bin/ncal ]; then
 574             # fix debian/ncal's weird way to highlight the current day
 575             ncal -C -3 | sed -E 's/_\x08(.+)_\x08([^ ]+)/\x1b\[7m\1\2\x1b\[0m/'
 576         else
 577             cal -3
 578         fi
 579     } | less -MKiCRS
 580 }
 581 
 582 # EDit RUN shell commands, using an interactive editor; uses my tool `leak`
 583 edrun() {
 584     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
 585     # . <( micro -readonly true -filetype shell | leak --inv )
 586     micro -readonly true -filetype shell | leak --inv | . /dev/fd/0
 587 }
 588 
 589 # convert EURos into CAnadian Dollars, using the latest official exchange
 590 # rates from the bank of canada; during weekends, the latest rate may be
 591 # from a few days ago; the default amount of euros to convert is 1, when
 592 # not given
 593 eur2cad() {
 594     local url
 595     local site='https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group'
 596     local csv_rates="${site}/FX_RATES_DAILY/csv"
 597     url="${csv_rates}?start_date=$(date -d '3 days ago' +'%Y-%m-%d')"
 598     curl -s "${url}" | awk -F, -v amount="$(echo "${1:-1}" | sed 's-_--g')" '
 599         /EUR/ { for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if($i ~ /EUR/) j = i }
 600         END { gsub(/"/, "", $j); if (j != 0) printf "%.2f\n", amount * $j }
 601     '
 602 }
 603 
 604 # Fix Audio Duration on a separate copy of the file given
 605 fad() { ffmpeg -i "${1:-input.m4a}" -acodec copy "${2:-output.dat}"; }
 606 
 607 # get the first n lines, or 1 by default
 608 first() { head -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 609 
 610 # Field-Names AWK remembers field-positions by name, from the first input line
 611 fnawk() {
 612     local code="${1:-1}"
 613     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 614 
 615     local buffering=''
 616     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 617         buffering='stdbuf -oL'
 618     fi
 619 
 620     ${buffering} awk -v OFS="\t" '
 621         NR == 1 {
 622             FS = /\t/ ? "\t" : " "
 623             $0 = $0
 624             for (i in names) delete names[i]
 625             for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) names[$i] = i
 626             i = ""
 627         }
 628         { low = lower = tolower($0) }
 629         '"${code}"'
 630     ' "$@"
 631 }
 632 
 633 # start from the line number given, skipping all previous ones
 634 fromline() { tail -n +"${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 635 
 636 # convert a mix of FeeT and INches into meters
 637 ftin() {
 638     local ft="${1:-0}"
 639     ft="$(echo "${ft}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 640     local in="${2:-0}"
 641     in="$(echo "${in}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 642     awk "BEGIN { print 0.3048 * ${ft} + 0.0254 * ${in}; exit }"
 643 }
 644 
 645 # Gawk Bignum Print
 646 gbp() { gawk --bignum "BEGIN { print $1; exit }"; }
 647 
 648 # glue/stick together various lines, only emitting a line-feed at the end; an
 649 # optional argument is the output-item-separator, which is empty by default
 650 glue() {
 651     local sep="${1:-}"
 652     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 653     awk -v sep="${sep}" '
 654         NR > 1 { printf "%s", sep }
 655         { gsub(/\r/, ""); printf "%s", $0 }
 656         END { if (NR > 0) print "" }
 657     ' "$@"
 658 }
 659 
 660 # GO Build Stripped: a common use-case for the go compiler
 661 gobs() { go build -ldflags "-s -w" -trimpath "$@"; }
 662 
 663 # GO DEPendencieS: show all dependencies in a go project
 664 godeps() { go list -f '{{ join .Deps "\n" }}' "$@"; }
 665 
 666 # GO IMPortS: show all imports in a go project
 667 goimps() { go list -f '{{ join .Imports "\n" }}' "$@"; }
 668 
 669 # go to the folder picked using an interactive TUI; uses my tool `bf`
 670 goto() {
 671     local where
 672     where="$(bf "${1:-.}")"
 673     if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 674         return 0
 675     fi
 676 
 677     where="$(realpath "${where}")"
 678     if [ ! -d "${where}" ]; then
 679         where="$(dirname "${where}")"
 680     fi
 681     cd "${where}" || return
 682 }
 683 
 684 # show Help laid out on 2 side-by-side columns; uses my tool `bsbs`
 685 h2() { naman "$@" | bsbs 2; }
 686 
 687 # Highlighted-style ECHO
 688 hecho() { printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n" "$*"; }
 689 
 690 # show each byte as a pair of HEXadecimal (base-16) symbols
 691 hexify() {
 692     cat "$@" | od -v -x -A n | awk '
 693         { gsub(/ +/, ""); printf "%s", $0 }
 694         END { print "" }
 695     '
 696 }
 697 
 698 # Help Me Remember my custom shell commands
 699 hmr() {
 700     local cmd="bat"
 701     # debian linux uses a different name for the `bat` app
 702     if [ -e /usr/bin/batcat ]; then
 703         cmd="batcat"
 704     fi
 705 
 706     "$cmd" \
 707         --style=plain,header,numbers --theme='Monokai Extended Light' \
 708         --wrap=never --color=always "$(which clam)" |
 709             sed -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;70m-\x1b[38;5;28m-g' \
 710                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;214m-\x1b[38;5;208m-g' \
 711                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;243m-\x1b[38;5;103m-g' \
 712                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;238m-\x1b[38;5;245m-g' \
 713                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;228m-\x1b[48;5;228m-g' |
 714                 less -MKiCRS
 715 }
 716 
 717 # convert seconds into a colon-separated Hours-Minutes-Seconds triple
 718 hms() {
 719     echo "${@:-0}" | sed -E 's-_--g; s- +-\n-g' | awk '
 720         /./ {
 721             x = $0
 722             h = (x - x % 3600) / 3600
 723             m = (x % 3600) / 60
 724             s = x % 60
 725             printf "%02d:%02d:%05.2f\n", h, m, s
 726         }
 727     '
 728 }
 729 
 730 # find all hyperlinks inside HREF attributes in the input text
 731 href() {
 732     local arg
 733     local awk_cmd='awk'
 734     local grep_cmd='grep'
 735     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 736         grep_cmd='grep --line-buffered'
 737         if [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 738             awk_cmd='stdbuf -oL awk'
 739         fi
 740     fi
 741 
 742     for arg in "${@:--}"; do
 743         ${grep_cmd} -i -E -o 'href="[^"]+"' "${arg}"
 744     done | ${awk_cmd} '{ gsub(/^href="|"\r?$/, ""); print }'
 745 }
 746 
 747 # avoid/ignore lines which case-insensitively match any of the regexes given
 748 iavoid() {
 749     local command='awk'
 750     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 751         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 752     fi
 753 
 754     ${command} '
 755         BEGIN {
 756             if (IGNORECASE == "") {
 757                 m = "this variant of AWK lacks case-insensitive regex-matching"
 758                 print(m) > "/dev/stderr"
 759                 exit 125
 760             }
 761             IGNORECASE = 1
 762 
 763             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 764                 e[i] = ARGV[i]
 765                 delete ARGV[i]
 766             }
 767         }
 768 
 769         {
 770             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) if ($0 ~ e[i]) next
 771             print
 772             got++
 773         }
 774 
 775         END { exit(got == 0) }
 776     ' "${@:-^\r?$}"
 777 }
 778 
 779 # ignore command in a pipe: this allows quick re-editing of pipes, while
 780 # still leaving signs of previously-used steps, as a memo
 781 idem() { cat; }
 782 
 783 # ignore command in a pipe: this allows quick re-editing of pipes, while
 784 # still leaving signs of previously-used steps, as a memo
 785 ignore() { cat; }
 786 
 787 # only keep lines which case-insensitively match any of the regexes given
 788 imatch() {
 789     local command='awk'
 790     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 791         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 792     fi
 793 
 794     ${command} '
 795         BEGIN {
 796             if (IGNORECASE == "") {
 797                 m = "this variant of AWK lacks case-insensitive regex-matching"
 798                 print(m) > "/dev/stderr"
 799                 exit 125
 800             }
 801             IGNORECASE = 1
 802 
 803             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 804                 e[i] = ARGV[i]
 805                 delete ARGV[i]
 806             }
 807         }
 808 
 809         {
 810             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 811                 if ($0 ~ e[i]) {
 812                     print
 813                     got++
 814                     next
 815                 }
 816             }
 817         }
 818 
 819         END { exit(got == 0) }
 820     ' "${@:-[^\r]}"
 821 }
 822 
 823 # start each non-empty line with extra n spaces
 824 indent() {
 825     local command='awk'
 826     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 827         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 828     fi
 829 
 830     ${command} '
 831         BEGIN {
 832             n = ARGV[1] + 0
 833             delete ARGV[1]
 834             fmt = sprintf("%%%ds%%s\n", (n > 0) ? n : 0)
 835         }
 836 
 837         /^\r?$/ { print ""; next }
 838         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); printf(fmt, "", $0) }
 839     ' "$@"
 840 }
 841 
 842 # INSTall APT packages
 843 instapt() { sudo apt install "$@"; sudo -k; }
 844 
 845 # emit each word-like item from each input line on its own line; when a file
 846 # has tabs on its first line, items are split using tabs alone, which allows
 847 # items to have spaces in them
 848 items() {
 849     local command='awk'
 850     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 851         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 852     fi
 853 
 854     ${command} '
 855         FNR == 1 { FS = /\t/ ? "\t" : " "; $0 = $0 }
 856         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }
 857     ' "$@"
 858 }
 859 
 860 # listen to streaming JAZZ music
 861 jazz() {
 862     printf "streaming \e[7mSmooth Jazz Instrumental\e[0m\n"
 863     mpv --quiet https://stream.zeno.fm/00rt0rdm7k8uv
 864 }
 865 
 866 # show a `dad` JOKE from the web, sometimes even a very funny one
 867 joke() {
 868     curl --silent --show-error https://icanhazdadjoke.com | fold -s |
 869         awk '{ gsub(/ *\r?$/, ""); print }'
 870 }
 871 
 872 # JSON Query Lines turns JSON top-level arrays into multiple individually-JSON
 873 # lines using the `jq` app, keeping all other top-level values as single line
 874 # JSON outputs
 875 jql() {
 876     local code="${1:-.}"
 877     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 878     jq -c -M "${code} | .[]" "$@"
 879 }
 880 
 881 # JSON Query Keys runs `jq` to find all unique key-combos from tabular JSON
 882 jqk() {
 883     local code="${1:-.}"
 884     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 885     jq -c -M "${code} | .[] | keys" "$@" | awk '!c[$0]++'
 886 }
 887 
 888 # JSON Keys finds all unique key-combos from tabular JSON data; uses my tools
 889 # `jsonl` and `tjp`
 890 jsonk() {
 891     tjp '[e.keys() for e in v] if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else v.keys()' \
 892         "${1:--}" | jsonl | awk '!c[$0]++'
 893 }
 894 
 895 # JSON Table, turns TSV tables into tabular JSON, where valid-JSON values are
 896 # auto-parsed into numbers, booleans, etc...; uses my tools `jsons` and `tjp`
 897 jsont() {
 898     jsons "$@" | tjp \
 899         '[{k: rescue(lambda: loads(v), v) for k, v in e.items()} for e in v]'
 900 }
 901 
 902 # emit the given number of random/junk bytes, or 1024 junk bytes by default
 903 junk() { head -c "$(echo "${1:-1024}" | sed 's-_--g')" /dev/urandom; }
 904 
 905 # get the last n lines, or 1 by default
 906 last() { tail -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 907 
 908 # convert pounds (LB) into kilograms
 909 lb() {
 910     echo "${@:-1}" | sed -E 's-_--g; s- +-\n-g' |
 911         awk '/./ { printf "%.2f\n", 0.45359237 * $0 }'
 912 }
 913 
 914 # convert a mix of pounds (LB) and weight-ounces (OZ) into kilograms
 915 lboz() {
 916     local lb="${1:-0}"
 917     lb="$(echo "${lb}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 918     local oz="${2:-0}"
 919     oz="$(echo "${oz}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 920     awk "BEGIN { print 0.45359237 * ${lb} + 0.028349523 * ${oz}; exit }"
 921 }
 922 
 923 # limit stops at the first n bytes, or 1024 bytes by default
 924 limit() { head -c "$(echo "${1:-1024}" | sed 's-_--g')" "${2:--}"; }
 925 
 926 # ensure LINES are never accidentally joined across files, by always emitting
 927 # a line-feed at the end of each line
 928 lines() {
 929     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 930         stdbuf -oL awk 1 "$@"
 931     else
 932         awk 1 "$@"
 933     fi
 934 }
 935 
 936 # regroup adjacent lines into n-item tab-separated lines
 937 lineup() {
 938     local command='awk'
 939     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 940         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 941     fi
 942 
 943     local n="${1:-0}"
 944     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 945 
 946     if [ "$n" -le 0 ]; then
 947         ${command} '
 948             NR > 1 { printf "\t" }
 949             { printf "%s", $0 }
 950             END { if (NR > 0) print "" }
 951         ' "$@"
 952         return $?
 953     fi
 954 
 955     ${command} -v n="$n" '
 956         NR % n != 1 && n > 1 { printf "\t" }
 957         { printf "%s", $0 }
 958         NR % n == 0 { print "" }
 959         END { if (NR % n != 0) print "" }
 960     ' "$@"
 961 }
 962 
 963 # LiSt files, showing how many 4K-sized storage blocks they use
 964 ls4k() { ls -s --block-size=4096 "$@"; }
 965 
 966 # LiSt MAN pages
 967 lsman() { man -k "${1:-.}"; }
 968 
 969 # MARK the current tab with the message given, followed by the current folder;
 970 # works only on the `bash` shell
 971 mark() {
 972     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
 973         PS1="\[\e[0m\e]0;\w\a\$ "
 974     else
 975         PS1="\[\e[0m\e]0;${*} \w\a\$ "
 976     fi
 977 }
 978 
 979 marklinks() {
 980     local re='https?://[A-Za-z0-9+_.:%-]+(/[A-Za-z0-9+_.%/,#?&=-]*)*'
 981     sed -E 's-('"${re}"')-\x1b]8;;\1\x1b\\\1\x1b]8;;\x1b\\-g' "$@"
 982 }
 983 
 984 # Multi-Core MAKE runs `make` using all cores
 985 mcmake() { make -j "$(nproc)" "$@"; }
 986 
 987 # merge stderr into stdout, which is useful for piped commands
 988 merrge() { "${@:-cat /dev/null}" 2>&1; }
 989 
 990 metajq() {
 991     # https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/243#issuecomment-48470943
 992     jq -r -M '
 993         [
 994             path(..) |
 995             map(if type == "number" then "[]" else tostring end) |
 996             join(".") | split(".[]") | join("[]")
 997         ] | unique | map("." + .) | .[]
 998     ' "$@"
 999 }
1000 
1001 # Make In Folder, also showing time and max memory used
1002 mif() {
1003     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
1004     local folder
1005     folder="${1:-.}"
1006     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1007     env -C "${folder}" /usr/bin/time -f "$f" make "$@"
1008 }
1009 
1010 # MINimize DECimalS ignores all trailing decimal zeros in numbers, and even
1011 # the decimal dots themselves, when decimals in a number are all zeros
1012 # mindecs() {
1013 #     local cmd='sed -E'
1014 #     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1015 #         cmd='sed -E -u'
1016 #     fi
1017 #     ${cmd} 's-([0-9]+)\.0+\W-\1-g; s-([0-9]+\.[0-9]*[1-9])0+\W-\1-g' "$@"
1018 # }
1019 
1020 # Number all lines counting from 0, using a tab right after each line number
1021 n0() {
1022     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1023         stdbuf -oL nl -b a -w 1 -v 0 "$@"
1024     else
1025         nl -b a -w 1 -v 0 "$@"
1026     fi
1027 }
1028 
1029 # Number all lines counting from 1, using a tab right after each line number
1030 n1() {
1031     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1032         stdbuf -oL nl -b a -w 1 -v 1 "$@"
1033     else
1034         nl -b a -w 1 -v 1 "$@"
1035     fi
1036 }
1037 
1038 # NArrow MANual, keeps `man` narrow, even if the window/tab is wide when run
1039 naman() {
1040     local w
1041     w="$(tput -T xterm cols)"
1042     w="$((w / 2 - 4))"
1043     if [ "$w" -lt 80 ]; then
1044         w=80
1045     fi
1046     MANWIDTH="$w" man "$@"
1047 }
1048 
1049 # Not AND sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in common
1050 nand() {
1051     # comm -3 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1052     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1053     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -3 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1054 }
1055 
1056 # Nice DEFine dictionary-defines the words given, using an online service
1057 ndef() {
1058     local arg
1059     local gap=0
1060     local options='-MKiCRS'
1061 
1062     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
1063         printf "\e[38;2;204;0;0mndef: no words given\e[0m\n" >&2
1064         return 1
1065     fi
1066 
1067     if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
1068         options='--header=1 -MKiCRS'
1069     fi
1070 
1071     for arg in "$@"; do
1072         [ "${gap}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\n"
1073         gap=1
1074         printf "\e[7m%-80s\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1075         curl --silent "dict://dict.org/d:${arg}" | awk '
1076             { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1077             /^151 / {
1078                 printf "\x1b[38;2;52;101;164m%s\x1b[0m\n", $0
1079                 next
1080             }
1081             /^[1-9][0-9]{2} / {
1082                 printf "\x1b[38;2;128;128;128m%s\x1b[0m\n", $0
1083                 next
1084             }
1085             1
1086         '
1087     done | less ${options}
1088 }
1089 
1090 # listen to streaming NEW WAVE music
1091 newwave() {
1092     printf "streaming \e[7mNew Wave radio\e[0m\n"
1093     mpv --quiet https://puma.streemlion.com:2910/stream
1094 }
1095 
1096 # Nice Json Query Lines colors JSONL data using the `jq` app
1097 njql() {
1098     local code="${1:-.}"
1099     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1100     jq -c -C "${code} | .[]" "$@"
1101 }
1102 
1103 # empty the clipboard
1104 noclip() { wl-copy --clear; }
1105 
1106 # show the current date and time
1107 now() { date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'; }
1108 
1109 # Nice Print Awk result; uses my tool `nn`
1110 npa() {
1111     local arg
1112     for arg in "$@"; do
1113         awk "BEGIN { print(${arg}); exit }"
1114     done | nn
1115 }
1116 
1117 # Nice Print Python result; uses my tool `nn`
1118 npp() {
1119     local arg
1120     for arg in "$@"; do
1121         python -c "print(${arg})"
1122     done | nn
1123 }
1124 
1125 # Nice Size, using my tool `nn`
1126 ns() { wc -c "$@" | nn; }
1127 
1128 # emit nothing to output and/or discard everything from input
1129 null() { [ $# -gt 0 ] && "$@" > /dev/null; }
1130 
1131 # Print Python result
1132 pp() {
1133     local arg
1134     for arg in "$@"; do
1135         python -c "print(${arg})"
1136     done
1137 }
1138 
1139 # PRecede (input) ECHO, prepends a first line to stdin lines
1140 precho() { echo "$@" && cat /dev/stdin; }
1141 
1142 # LABEL/precede data with an ANSI-styled line
1143 prelabel() {
1144     printf "\e[7m%-*s\e[0m\n" "$(($(tput -T xterm cols) - 2))" "$*"
1145     cat -
1146 }
1147 
1148 # PREcede (input) MEMO, prepends a first highlighted line to stdin lines
1149 prememo() { printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n" "$*"; cat -; }
1150 
1151 # start by joining all arguments given as a tab-separated-items line of output,
1152 # followed by all lines from stdin verbatim
1153 pretsv() {
1154     awk '
1155         BEGIN {
1156             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
1157                 if (i > 1) printf "\t"
1158                 printf "%s", ARGV[i]
1159             }
1160             if (ARGC > 1) print ""
1161             exit
1162         }
1163     ' "$@"
1164     cat -
1165 }
1166 
1167 # Plain RipGrep
1168 prg() {
1169     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1170         rg --line-buffered --color=never "${@:-.}"
1171     else
1172         rg --color=never "${@:-.}"
1173     fi
1174 }
1175 
1176 # Quiet MPV
1177 # qmpv() { mpv --quiet "${@:--}"; }
1178 
1179 # Quiet MPV
1180 qmpv() { mpv --really-quiet "${@:--}"; }
1181 
1182 # ignore stderr, without any ugly keyboard-dancing
1183 quiet() { "$@" 2> /dev/null; }
1184 
1185 # keep only lines between the 2 line numbers given, inclusively
1186 rangelines() {
1187     { [ $# -eq 2 ] || [ $# -eq 3 ]; } && [ "${1}" -le "${2}" ] && {
1188         tail -n +"${1}" "${3:--}" | head -n $(("${2}" - "${1}" + 1))
1189     }
1190 }
1191 
1192 # RANdom MANual page
1193 ranman() {
1194     find "/usr/share/man/man${1:-1}" -type f | shuf -n 1 | xargs basename |
1195         sed 's-\.gz$--' | xargs man
1196 }
1197 
1198 # REPeat STRing emits a line with a repeating string in it, given both a
1199 # string and a number in either order
1200 repstr() {
1201     awk '
1202         BEGIN {
1203             if (ARGV[2] ~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+$/) {
1204                 symbol = ARGV[1]
1205                 times = ARGV[2] + 0
1206             } else {
1207                 symbol = ARGV[2]
1208                 times = ARGV[1] + 0
1209             }
1210 
1211             if (times < 0) exit
1212             if (symbol == "") symbol = "-"
1213             s = sprintf("%*s", times, "")
1214             gsub(/ /, symbol, s)
1215             print s
1216             exit
1217         }
1218     ' "$@"
1219 }
1220 
1221 # show a RULER-like width-measuring line
1222 ruler() {
1223     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed -E \
1224         's- {10}-····╵····│-g; s- -·-g; s-·····-····╵-'
1225 }
1226 
1227 # SystemCTL; `sysctl` is already taken for a separate/unrelated app
1228 sctl() { systemctl "$@" 2>&1 | less -MKiCRS; }
1229 
1230 # show a unique-looking SEParator line; useful to run between commands
1231 # which output walls of text
1232 sep() {
1233     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] &&
1234         printf "\e[48;2;218;218;218m%${1:-80}s\e[0m\n" "" | sed 's- -·-g'
1235 }
1236 
1237 # webSERVE files in a folder as localhost, using the port number given, or
1238 # port 8080 by default
1239 serve() {
1240     if [ -d "$1" ]; then
1241         printf "\e[7mserving files in %s\e[0m\n" "$1" >&2
1242         python3 -m http.server -d "$1" "${2:-8080}"
1243     else
1244         printf "\e[7mserving files in %s\e[0m\n" "${2:-$(pwd)}" >&2
1245         python3 -m http.server -d "${2:-$(pwd)}" "${1:-8080}"
1246     fi
1247 }
1248 
1249 # SET DIFFerence sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in the 2nd input
1250 setdiff() {
1251     # comm -23 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1252     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1253     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -23 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1254 }
1255 
1256 # SET INtersection, sorts its 2 inputs, then finds common lines
1257 setin() {
1258     # comm -12 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1259     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1260     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -12 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1261 }
1262 
1263 # SET SUBtraction sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in the 2nd input
1264 setsub() {
1265     # comm -23 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1266     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1267     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -23 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1268 }
1269 
1270 # Show Files (and folders), coloring folders and links
1271 sf() {
1272     local arg
1273     local gap=0
1274     local options='-MKiCRS'
1275 
1276     if [ $# -le 1 ]; then
1277         options='--header=1 -MKiCRS'
1278     fi
1279 
1280     for arg in "${@:-.}"; do
1281         [ "${gap}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\n"
1282         printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n\n" "$(realpath "${arg}")"
1283         gap=1
1284 
1285         ls -al --file-type --color=never --time-style iso "${arg}" | awk '
1286             BEGIN {
1287                 drep = "\x1b[38;2;0;135;255m\x1b[48;2;228;228;228m&\x1b[0m"
1288                 lrep = "\x1b[38;2;0;135;95m\x1b[48;2;228;228;228m&\x1b[0m"
1289             }
1290 
1291             NR < 4 { next }
1292             (NR - 3) % 5 == 1 && (NR - 3) > 1 { print "" }
1293 
1294             {
1295                 gsub(/^(d[rwx-]+)/, drep)
1296                 gsub(/^(l[rwx-]+)/, lrep)
1297                 printf "%6d  %s\n", NR - 3, $0
1298             }
1299         '
1300     done | less ${options}
1301 }
1302 
1303 # run apps in color-mode, using the popular option `--color=always`
1304 shine() {
1305     local cmd="$1"
1306     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1307     "${cmd}" --color=always "$@"
1308 }
1309 
1310 # skip the first n lines, or the 1st line by default
1311 skip() { tail -n +$(("${1:-1}" + 1)) "${2:--}"; }
1312 
1313 # skip the last n lines, or the last line by default
1314 skiplast() { head -n -"${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
1315 
1316 # SLOW/delay lines from the standard-input, waiting the number of seconds
1317 # given for each line, or waiting 1 second by default
1318 slow() {
1319     local seconds="${1:-1}"
1320     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1321     (
1322         IFS="$(printf "\n")"
1323         awk 1 "$@" | while read -r line; do
1324             sleep "${seconds}"
1325             printf "%s\n" "${line}"
1326         done
1327     )
1328 }
1329 
1330 # Show Latest Podcasts, using my tools `podfeed` and `si`
1331 slp() {
1332     local title
1333     title="Latest Podcast Episodes as of $(date +'%F %T')"
1334     podfeed -title "${title}" "$@" | si
1335 }
1336 
1337 # emit the first line as is, sorting all lines after that, using the
1338 # `sort` command, passing all/any arguments/options to it
1339 sortrest() {
1340     awk -v sort="sort $*" '
1341         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1342         { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1343         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1344         NR >= 2 { print | sort }
1345     '
1346 }
1347 
1348 # SORt Tab-Separated Values: emit the first line as is, sorting all lines after
1349 # that, using the `sort` command in TSV (tab-separated values) mode, passing
1350 # all/any arguments/options to it
1351 sortsv() {
1352     awk -v sort="sort -t \"$(printf '\t')\" $*" '
1353         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1354         { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1355         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1356         NR >= 2 { print | sort }
1357     '
1358 }
1359 
1360 # emit a line with the number of spaces given in it
1361 spaces() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" ""; }
1362 
1363 # SQUeeze horizontal spaces and STOMP vertical gaps
1364 squomp() {
1365     local command='awk'
1366     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1367         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1368     fi
1369 
1370     ${command} '
1371         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1372         /^\r?$/ { empty = 1; next }
1373         empty { if (n > 0) print ""; empty = 0 }
1374 
1375         {
1376             gsub(/^ +| *\r?$/, "")
1377             gsub(/ *\t */, "\t")
1378             gsub(/  +/, " ")
1379             print; n++
1380         }
1381     ' "$@"
1382 }
1383 
1384 # TAC Lines outputs input-lines in reverse order, last one first, and so on...
1385 tacl() {
1386     awk '
1387         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); lines[NR] = $0 }
1388         END { for (i = NR; i >= 1; i--) print lines[i] }
1389     ' "$@"
1390 }
1391 
1392 # TINY GO Build Optimized: a common use-case for the tinygo compiler
1393 tinygobo() { tinygo build -no-debug -opt=2 "$@"; }
1394 
1395 # Timed Make, also showing max memory used
1396 tm() {
1397     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
1398     /usr/bin/time -f "$f" make "$@"
1399 }
1400 
1401 # show current date in a specifc format
1402 today() { date +'%Y-%m-%d %a %b %d'; }
1403 
1404 # get the first n lines, or 1 by default
1405 toline() { head -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
1406 
1407 # get the processes currently using the most cpu
1408 topcpu() {
1409     local n="${1:-10}"
1410     [ "$n" -gt 0 ] && ps aux | awk '
1411         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1412         NR > 1 { print | "sort -rnk3,3" }
1413     ' | head -n "$(("$n" + 1))"
1414 }
1415 
1416 # get the processes currently using the most memory
1417 topmemory() {
1418     local n="${1:-10}"
1419     [ "$n" -gt 0 ] && ps aux | awk '
1420         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1421         NR > 1 { print | "sort -rnk6,6" }
1422     ' | head -n "$(("$n" + 1))"
1423 }
1424 
1425 # only keep UNIQUE lines, keeping them in their original order
1426 unique() {
1427     local command='awk'
1428     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1429         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1430     fi
1431 
1432     ${command} '
1433         BEGIN { for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) if (f[ARGV[i]]++) delete ARGV[i] }
1434         !c[$0]++
1435     ' "$@"
1436 }
1437 
1438 # fix lines, ignoring leading UTF-8_BOMs (byte-order-marks) on each input's
1439 # first line, turning all end-of-line CRLF byte-pairs into single line-feeds,
1440 # and ensuring each input's last line ends with a line-feed; trailing spaces
1441 # are also ignored
1442 unixify() {
1443     local command='awk'
1444     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1445         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1446     fi
1447 
1448     ${command} '
1449         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1450         { gsub(/ *\r?$/, ""); print }
1451     ' "$@"
1452 }
1453 
1454 # skip the first/leading n bytes
1455 unleaded() { tail -c +$(("$1" + 1)) "${2:--}"; }
1456 
1457 # go UP n folders, or go up 1 folder by default
1458 up() {
1459     if [ "${1:-1}" -le 0 ]; then
1460         cd .
1461     else
1462         cd "$(printf "%${1:-1}s" "" | sed 's- -../-g')" || return $?
1463     fi
1464 }
1465 
1466 # convert United States Dollars into CAnadian Dollars, using the latest
1467 # official exchange rates from the bank of canada; during weekends, the
1468 # latest rate may be from a few days ago; the default amount of usd to
1469 # convert is 1, when not given
1470 usd2cad() {
1471     local url
1472     local site='https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group'
1473     local csv_rates="${site}/FX_RATES_DAILY/csv"
1474     url="${csv_rates}?start_date=$(date -d '3 days ago' +'%Y-%m-%d')"
1475     curl -s "${url}" | awk -F, -v amount="$(echo "${1:-1}" | sed 's-_--g')" '
1476         /USD/ { for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if($i ~ /USD/) j = i }
1477         END { gsub(/"/, "", $j); if (j != 0) printf "%.2f\n", amount * $j }
1478     '
1479 }
1480 
1481 # What Are These (?) shows what the names given to it are/do
1482 wat() {
1483     local arg
1484     local gap=0
1485     local less_options='-MKiCRS'
1486 
1487     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
1488         echo "$0"
1489         return 0
1490     fi
1491 
1492     if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
1493         less_options='-MKiCRS --header=1'
1494     fi
1495 
1496     for arg in "$@"; do
1497         [ "${gap}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\n"
1498         gap=1
1499         printf "\e[7m%-80s\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1500 
1501         while alias "${arg}" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null; do
1502             arg="$(alias "${arg}" | sed -E "s-^[^=]+=['\"](.+)['\"]\$-\\1-")"
1503         done
1504 
1505         if echo "${arg}" | grep -q ' '; then
1506             printf "%s\n" "${arg}"
1507             continue
1508         fi
1509 
1510         if declare -f "${arg}"; then
1511             continue
1512         fi
1513 
1514         if which "${arg}" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then
1515             which "${arg}"
1516             continue
1517         fi
1518 
1519         printf "\e[38;2;204;0;0m%s not found\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1520     done | { less -MKiCRS ${less_options} 2> /dev/null || cat; }
1521 }
1522 
1523 # find all WEB/hyperLINKS (https:// and http://) in the input text
1524 weblinks() {
1525     local arg
1526     local re='https?://[A-Za-z0-9+_.:%-]+(/[A-Za-z0-9+_.%/,#?&=-]*)*'
1527     local grep_cmd='grep'
1528     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1529         grep_cmd='grep --line-buffered'
1530     fi
1531 
1532     for arg in "${@:--}"; do
1533         ${grep_cmd} -i -E -o "${re}" "${arg}"
1534     done
1535 }
1536 
1537 # recursively find all files with trailing spaces/CRs
1538 whichtrails() {
1539     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1540         rg --line-buffered  -c '[ \r]+$' "${@:-.}"
1541     else
1542         rg -c '[ \r]+$' "${@:-.}"
1543     fi
1544 }
1545 
1546 # turn all wsl/unix-style full-paths into WINdows-style full-PATHS
1547 winpaths() { sed -E 's-/mnt/(.)/-\u\1:/-' "$@"; }
1548 
1549 # XARGS Lines, runs `xargs` using whole lines as extra arguments
1550 xargsl() {
1551     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1552         stdbuf -oL awk -v ORS='\000' '
1553             FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1554             { gsub(/\r$/, ""); print }
1555         ' | stdbuf -oL xargs -0 "$@"
1556     else
1557         awk -v ORS='\000' '
1558             FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1559             { gsub(/\r$/, ""); print }
1560         ' | xargs -0 "$@"
1561     fi
1562 }
1563 
1564 # Youtube Audio Player
1565 yap() {
1566     local url
1567     # some youtube URIs end with extra playlist/tracker parameters
1568     url="$(echo "$1" | sed 's-&.*--')"
1569     mpv "$(yt-dlp -x --audio-format best --get-url "${url}" 2> /dev/null)"
1570 }
1571 
1572 # show a calendar for the current YEAR, or for the year given
1573 year() {
1574     {
1575         # show the current date/time center-aligned
1576         printf \
1577             "%21s\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n\n" \
1578             "" "$(date +'%a %b %d %Y')" "$(date +'%H:%M')"
1579         # debian linux has a different `cal` app which highlights the day
1580         if [ -e /usr/bin/ncal ]; then
1581             # fix debian/ncal's weird way to highlight the current day
1582             ncal -C -y "$@" | sed -E \
1583                 's/_\x08(.+)_\x08([^ ]+)/\x1b\[7m\1\2\x1b\[0m/'
1584         else
1585             cal -y "$@"
1586         fi
1587     } | { less -MKiCRS 2> /dev/null || cat; }
1588 }
1589 
1590 # show the current date in the YYYY-MM-DD format
1591 ymd() { date +'%Y-%m-%d'; }