File: clam.sh
   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # The MIT License (MIT)
   4 #
   5 # Copyright (c) 2026 pacman64
   6 #
   7 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
   8 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
   9 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
  10 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
  11 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
  12 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
  13 #
  14 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
  15 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
  16 #
  17 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
  18 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
  19 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
  20 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
  21 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
  22 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
  23 # SOFTWARE.
  24 
  25 
  26 # clam
  27 #
  28 # Command-Line Augmentation Module (clam): get the best out of your shell.
  29 #
  30 #
  31 # This is a collection of arguably useful shell functions and shortcuts:
  32 # some of these extra commands can be real time/effort savers, ideally
  33 # letting you concentrate on getting things done.
  34 #
  35 # Some of these commands depend on my other scripts from the `pac-tools`,
  36 # others either rely on widely-preinstalled command-line apps, or ones
  37 # which are available on most of the major command-line `package` managers.
  38 #
  39 # To use this script, you're supposed to `source` it, so its definitions
  40 # stay for your whole shell session: for that, you can run `source clam` or
  41 # `. clam` (no quotes either way), either directly or at shell startup.
  42 #
  43 # Almost all commands defined in this script work with `bash`, `zsh`, and
  44 # even `dash`, which is debian linux's default non-interactive shell. Some
  45 # of its commands even seem to work on busybox's shell.
  46 
  47 
  48 case "$1" in
  49     -h|--h|-help|--help)
  50         # show help message, using the info-comment from this very script
  51         awk '
  52             /^case / { exit }
  53             /^# +clam$/, /^$/ { gsub(/^# ?/, ""); print }
  54         ' "$0"
  55         exit 0
  56     ;;
  57 esac
  58 
  59 
  60 # dash doesn't support regex-matching syntax, forcing to use case statements
  61 case "$0" in
  62     -bash|-dash|-sh|bash|dash|sh|/bin/sh)
  63         # script is being sourced with bash, dash, or ash, which is good
  64         :
  65     ;;
  66 
  67     *)
  68         case "$ZSH_EVAL_CONTEXT" in
  69             *:file)
  70                 # script is being sourced with zsh, which is good
  71                 :
  72             ;;
  73 
  74             *)
  75                 # script is being run normally, which is a waste of time
  76         printf "\e[7mDon't run this script directly: instead source it\e[0m\n"
  77         printf "\e[7mby running '. clam' (without the single quotes).\e[0m\n"
  78         printf "\n"
  79         printf "\e[7mBefore doing that, you may want to see the help,\e[0m\n"
  80         printf "\e[7mby running 'clam -h' (without the single quotes).\e[0m\n"
  81                 # exiting during shell-startup may deny shell access, even if
  82                 # the script is being run, instead of being sourced directly
  83             ;;
  84         esac
  85     ;;
  86 esac
  87 
  88 
  89 alias 0='sbs'
  90 
  91 alias 1='bsbs 1'
  92 alias 2='bsbs 2'
  93 alias 3='bsbs 3'
  94 alias 4='bsbs 4'
  95 alias 5='bsbs 5'
  96 alias 6='bsbs 6'
  97 alias 7='bsbs 7'
  98 alias 8='bsbs 8'
  99 alias 9='bsbs 9'
 100 
 101 # Less with Header n runs `less` with line numbers, ANSI styles, without
 102 # line-wraps, and using the first n lines as a sticky-header, so they always
 103 # show on top
 104 alias lh1='less --header=1 -MKNiCRS'
 105 alias lh2='less --header=2 -MKNiCRS'
 106 alias lh3='less --header=3 -MKNiCRS'
 107 alias lh4='less --header=4 -MKNiCRS'
 108 alias lh5='less --header=5 -MKNiCRS'
 109 alias lh6='less --header=6 -MKNiCRS'
 110 alias lh7='less --header=7 -MKNiCRS'
 111 alias lh8='less --header=8 -MKNiCRS'
 112 alias lh9='less --header=9 -MKNiCRS'
 113 
 114 # View with Header n runs `less` without line numbers, ANSI styles, without
 115 # line-wraps, and using the first n lines as a sticky-header, so they always
 116 # show on top
 117 alias vh1='less --header=1 -MKiCRS'
 118 alias vh2='less --header=2 -MKiCRS'
 119 alias vh3='less --header=3 -MKiCRS'
 120 alias vh4='less --header=4 -MKiCRS'
 121 alias vh5='less --header=5 -MKiCRS'
 122 alias vh6='less --header=6 -MKiCRS'
 123 alias vh7='less --header=7 -MKiCRS'
 124 alias vh8='less --header=8 -MKiCRS'
 125 alias vh9='less --header=9 -MKiCRS'
 126 
 127 alias c='cat'
 128 alias e='echo'
 129 alias r='reset'
 130 
 131 # Breathe periodically adds extra empty lines; uses my own `breathe` tool
 132 alias b='breathe'
 133 
 134 # Plain ignores ANSI-styles; uses my own `plain` tool
 135 alias p='plain'
 136 
 137 # Awk Print
 138 alias ap=abp
 139 
 140 # Book-like MANual, lays out `man` docs as pairs of side-by-side pages; uses
 141 # my tool `bsbs`
 142 alias bman=bookman
 143 
 144 # load/concatenate BYTES from named data sources
 145 # alias bytes='cat'
 146 
 147 # load/concatenate BYTES from named data sources; uses my tool `get`
 148 alias bytes='get'
 149 
 150 # Compile C Optimized
 151 alias cco='cc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 152 
 153 # Color DMESG
 154 alias cdmesg='dmesg --color=always'
 155 
 156 # Colored Json Query runs the `jq` app, allowing an optional filepath as the
 157 # data source, and even an optional transformation formula
 158 alias cjq='jq -C'
 159 
 160 # CLear Screen
 161 alias cls='tput -T xterm reset 2> /dev/null || reset'
 162 
 163 # Compile C Plus Plus Optimized
 164 alias cppo='c++ -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 165 
 166 # CURL Silent spares you the progress bar, but still tells you about errors
 167 alias curls='curl --silent --show-error'
 168 
 169 # dictionary-DEFine the word given, using an online service
 170 alias def=define
 171 
 172 # turn JSON Lines into a proper json array
 173 # alias dejsonl='jq -s -M'
 174 
 175 # turn json lines into a proper json array using the `jq` app
 176 alias dejql='jq -s -M'
 177 
 178 # turn UTF-16 data into UTF-8
 179 alias deutf16='iconv -f utf16 -t utf8'
 180 
 181 # edit plain-text files
 182 # alias edit='micro'
 183 
 184 # ENV with 0/null-terminated lines on stdout
 185 alias env0='env -0'
 186 
 187 # ENV Change folder, runs the command given in the folder given (first)
 188 alias envc='env -C'
 189 
 190 # Extended Plain Interactive Grep
 191 alias epig='ugrep --color=never -Q -E'
 192 
 193 # Editor Read-Only
 194 alias ero='micro -readonly true'
 195 
 196 # Expand 4 turns each tab into up to 4 spaces
 197 alias expand4='expand -t 4'
 198 
 199 # run the Fuzzy Finder (fzf) in multi-choice mode, with custom keybindings
 200 alias ff='fzf -m --bind ctrl-a:select-all,ctrl-space:toggle'
 201 
 202 # get FILE's MIME types
 203 alias filemime='file --mime-type'
 204 
 205 # run `gcc` with all optimizations on and with static analysis on
 206 alias gccmax='gcc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto -fanalyzer'
 207 
 208 # hold stdout if used at the end of a pipe-chain
 209 alias hold='less -MKiCRS'
 210 
 211 # find all hyperlinks inside HREF attributes in the input text
 212 alias hrefs=href
 213 
 214 # make JSON Lines out of JSON data
 215 alias jl=jsonl
 216 
 217 # shrink/compact JSON using the `jq` app, allowing an optional filepath, and
 218 # even an optional transformation formula after that
 219 alias jq0='jq -c -M'
 220 
 221 # show JSON data on multiple lines, using 2 spaces for each indentation level,
 222 # allowing an optional filepath, and even an optional transformation formula
 223 # after that
 224 alias jq2='jq --indent 2 -M'
 225 
 226 # find the LAN (local-area network) IP address for this device
 227 alias lanip='hostname -I'
 228 
 229 # run `less`, showing line numbers, among other settings
 230 alias least='less -MKNiCRS'
 231 
 232 # Live GREP
 233 alias lgrep='grep --line-buffered'
 234 
 235 # try to run the command given using line-buffering for its (standard) output
 236 alias livelines='stdbuf -oL'
 237 
 238 # LOAD data from the filename or URI given; uses my `get` tool
 239 alias load=get
 240 
 241 # LOcal SERver webserves files in a folder as localhost, using the port
 242 # number given, or port 8080 by default
 243 alias loser=serve
 244 
 245 # Live RipGrep
 246 alias lrg='rg --line-buffered'
 247 
 248 # run `ls` showing how many 4k pages each file takes
 249 alias lspages='ls -s --block-size=4096'
 250 
 251 # Listen To Youtube
 252 alias lty=yap
 253 
 254 # LXC-LS Fancy
 255 alias lxc-lsf='lxc-ls --fancy'
 256 
 257 # MAKE IN folder
 258 alias makein=mif
 259 
 260 # Multi-Core MaKe runs `make` using all cores
 261 alias mcmk=mcmake
 262 
 263 # run `less`, showing line numbers, among other settings
 264 alias most='less -MKNiCRS'
 265 
 266 # emit nothing to output and/or discard everything from input
 267 alias nil=null
 268 
 269 # Nice Json Query colors JSON data using the `jq` app
 270 alias njq=cjq
 271 
 272 # Plain Interactive Grep
 273 alias pig='ugrep --color=never -Q -E'
 274 
 275 # Quick Compile C Optimized
 276 alias qcco='cc -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 277 
 278 # Quick Compile C Plus Plus Optimized
 279 alias qcppo='c++ -Wall -O2 -s -march=native -mtune=native -flto'
 280 
 281 # Read-Only Editor
 282 alias roe='micro -readonly true'
 283 
 284 # Read-Only Micro (text editor)
 285 alias rom='micro -readonly true'
 286 
 287 # Read-Only Top
 288 alias rot='htop --readonly'
 289 
 290 # RUN IN folder
 291 alias runin='env -C'
 292 
 293 # place lines Side-By-Side
 294 # alias sbs='column'
 295 
 296 # Silent CURL spares you the progress bar, but still tells you about errors
 297 alias scurl='curl --silent --show-error'
 298 
 299 # Stdbuf Output Line-buffered
 300 alias sol='stdbuf -oL'
 301 
 302 # TRY running a command, showing its outcome/error-code on failure; uses my
 303 # `verdict` tool
 304 alias try='verdict'
 305 
 306 # Time Verbosely the command given
 307 alias tv='/usr/bin/time -v'
 308 
 309 # VERTical REVert emits lines in reverse order of appearance
 310 alias vertrev='tac'
 311 
 312 # emit lines in reverse order of appearance
 313 alias upsidedown='tac'
 314 
 315 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options
 316 alias vetc='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive'
 317 
 318 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options, also checking for c89 compliance
 319 alias vetc89='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive --std=c89'
 320 
 321 # run `cppcheck` with even stricter options
 322 alias vetcpp='cppcheck --enable=portability,style --check-level=exhaustive'
 323 
 324 # VET SHell scripts
 325 alias vetsh=vetshell
 326 
 327 # check shell scripts for common gotchas, avoiding complaints about using
 328 # the `local` keyword, which is widely supported in practice
 329 alias vetshell='shellcheck -e 3043'
 330 
 331 # run a command using an empty environment
 332 alias void='env -i'
 333 
 334 # turn plain-text from latin-1 into UTF-8; the name is from `vulgarization`,
 335 # which is the mutation of languages away from latin during the middle ages
 336 alias vulgarize='iconv -f latin-1 -t utf-8'
 337 
 338 # recursively find all files with trailing spaces/CRs
 339 alias wheretrails=whichtrails
 340 
 341 # run `xargs`, using zero/null bytes as the extra-arguments terminator
 342 alias x0='xargs -0'
 343 
 344 # Xargs Lines, runs `xargs` using whole lines as extra arguments
 345 alias xl=xargsl
 346 
 347 # Awk Begin Print
 348 abp() {
 349     local arg
 350     for arg in "$@"; do
 351         awk "BEGIN { print (${arg}); exit }"
 352     done
 353 }
 354 
 355 # APT UPdate/grade
 356 aptup() { sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade "$@"; sudo -k; }
 357 
 358 # emit each argument given as its own line of output
 359 args() { [ $# -eq 0 ] || printf "%s\n" "$@"; }
 360 
 361 # AWK in BLOCKS/paragraphs-input mode
 362 awkblocks() {
 363     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 364         stdbuf -oL awk -F='' -v RS='' "$@"
 365     else
 366         awk -F='' -v RS='' "$@"
 367     fi
 368 }
 369 
 370 # AWK using TABS as input/output field-separators
 371 awktabs() {
 372     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 373         stdbuf -oL awk -F "\t" -v OFS="\t" "$@"
 374     else
 375         awk -F "\t" -v OFS="\t" "$@"
 376     fi
 377 }
 378 
 379 # Breathe lines 3: separate groups of 3 lines with empty lines
 380 b3() {
 381     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 382         stdbuf -oL awk 'NR % 3 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 383     else
 384         awk 'NR % 3 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 385     fi
 386 }
 387 
 388 # Breathe lines 5: separate groups of 5 lines with empty lines
 389 b5() {
 390     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 391         stdbuf -oL awk 'NR % 5 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 392     else
 393         awk 'NR % 5 == 1 && NR != 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 394     fi
 395 }
 396 
 397 # show an ansi-styled BANNER-like line
 398 banner() { printf "\e[7m%-$(tput -T xterm cols)s\e[0m\n" "$*"; }
 399 
 400 # emit a colored bar which can help visually separate different outputs
 401 bar() {
 402     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\e[48;2;218;218;218m%${1:-80}s\e[0m\n" ""
 403 }
 404 
 405 # Breathe Header 3: add an empty line after the first one (the header),
 406 # then separate groups of 3 lines with empty lines between them
 407 bh3() {
 408     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 409         stdbuf -oL awk '(NR - 1) % 3 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 410     else
 411         awk '(NR - 1) % 3 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 412     fi
 413 }
 414 
 415 # Breathe Header 5: add an empty line after the first one (the header),
 416 # then separate groups of 5 lines with empty lines between them
 417 bh5() {
 418     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 419         stdbuf -oL awk '(NR - 1) % 5 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 420     else
 421         awk '(NR - 1) % 5 == 1 { print "" } 1' "$@"
 422     fi
 423 }
 424 
 425 # emit a line with a repeating block-like symbol in it
 426 blocks() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -█-g'; }
 427 
 428 # BOOK-like MANual, lays out `man` docs as pairs of side-by-side pages; uses
 429 # my tool `bsbs`
 430 bookman() {
 431     local w
 432     w="$(tput -T xterm cols)"
 433     w="$((w / 2 - 4))"
 434     if [ "$w" -lt 65 ]; then
 435         w=65
 436     fi
 437     MANWIDTH="$w" man "$@" | bsbs 2
 438 }
 439 
 440 # split lines using the separator given, turning them into single-item lines
 441 breakdown() {
 442     local sep="${1:- }"
 443     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 444     local command='awk'
 445     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 446         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 447     fi
 448 
 449     ${command} -F "${sep}" '{ for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }' "$@"
 450 }
 451 
 452 # CAlculator with Nice numbers runs my tool `ca` and colors results with
 453 # my tool `nn`, alternating styles to make long numbers easier to read
 454 can() {
 455     local arg
 456     for arg in "$@"; do
 457         [ $# -ge 2 ] && printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n" "${arg}" >&2
 458         ca "${arg}" | nn
 459     done
 460 }
 461 
 462 # uppercase the first letter on each line, and lowercase all later letters
 463 capitalize() { sed -E 's-^(.*)-\L\1-; s-^(.)-\u\1-'; }
 464 
 465 # center-align lines of text, using the current screen width
 466 center() {
 467     awk -v width="$(tput -T xterm cols)" '
 468         {
 469             gsub(/\r$/, "")
 470             lines[NR] = $0
 471             s = $0
 472             gsub(/\x1b\[[0-9;]*[A-Za-z]/, "", s) # ANSI style-changers
 473             l = length(s)
 474             if (maxlen < l) maxlen = l
 475         }
 476 
 477         END {
 478             n = (width - maxlen) / 2
 479             if (n % 1) n = n - (n % 1)
 480             fmt = sprintf("%%%ds%%s\n", (n > 0) ? n : 0)
 481             for (i = 1; i <= NR; i++) printf fmt, "", lines[i]
 482         }
 483     ' "$@"
 484 }
 485 
 486 # Colored GREP ensures matches are colored when piped
 487 cgrep() {
 488     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 489         grep --line-buffered --color=always "${@:-.}"
 490     else
 491         grep --color=always "${@:-.}"
 492     fi
 493 }
 494 
 495 # Colored Go Test on the folder given; uses my command `gbm`
 496 cgt() {
 497     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
 498     /usr/bin/time -f "$f" go test "${@:-.}" 2>&1 \
 499     | gbm '^ok' '^[-]* ?FAIL' '^\?'
 500 }
 501 
 502 # Colored RipGrep ensures app `rg` emits colors when piped
 503 crg() {
 504     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 505         rg --line-buffered --color=always "${@:-.}"
 506     else
 507         rg --color=always "${@:-.}"
 508     fi
 509 }
 510 
 511 # Compile Rust Optimized
 512 cro() {
 513     rustc -C lto=true -C codegen-units=1 -C debuginfo=0 -C strip=symbols \
 514         -C opt-level=3 "$@"
 515 }
 516 
 517 # emit a line with a repeating cross-like symbol in it
 518 crosses() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -×-g'; }
 519 
 520 # listen to streaming DANCE music
 521 dance() {
 522     printf "streaming \e[7mDance Wave Retro\e[0m\n"
 523     mpv --really-quiet https://retro.dancewave.online/retrodance.mp3
 524 }
 525 
 526 # emit a line with a repeating dash-like symbol in it
 527 dashes() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -—-g'; }
 528 
 529 # remove commas in numbers, as well as leading dollar signs in numbers
 530 decomma() {
 531     sed -E 's-([0-9]{3}),-\1-g; s-([0-9]{1,2}),-\1-g; s-\$([0-9\.]+)-\1-g'
 532 }
 533 
 534 dehtmlify() {
 535     local command='awk'
 536     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 537         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 538     fi
 539 
 540     ${command} '
 541         {
 542             gsub(/<\/?[^>]+>/, "")
 543             gsub(/&amp;/, "&")
 544             gsub(/&lt;/, "<")
 545             gsub(/&gt;/, ">")
 546             gsub(/^ +| *\r?$/, "")
 547             gsub(/  +/, " ")
 548             print
 549         }
 550     ' "$@"
 551 }
 552 
 553 # expand tabs each into up to the number of space given, or 4 by default
 554 detab() {
 555     local tabstop="${1:-4}"
 556     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 557     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 558         stdbuf -oL expand -t "${tabstop}" "$@"
 559     else
 560         expand -t "${tabstop}" "$@"
 561     fi
 562 }
 563 
 564 # DIVide 2 numbers 3 ways, including the complement
 565 div() {
 566     awk -v a="${1:-1}" -v b="${2:-1}" '
 567         BEGIN {
 568             gsub(/_/, "", a)
 569             gsub(/_/, "", b)
 570             if (a > b) { c = a; a = b; b = c }
 571             c = 1 - a / b
 572             if (0 <= c && c <= 1) printf "%f\n%f\n%f\n", a / b, b / a, c
 573             else printf "%f\n%f\n", a / b, b / a
 574             exit
 575         }'
 576 }
 577 
 578 # emit a line with a repeating dot-like symbol in it
 579 dots() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed 's- -·-g'; }
 580 
 581 # show the current Date and Time
 582 dt() {
 583     printf "\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n" \
 584         "$(date +'%a %b %d')" "$(date +%T)"
 585 }
 586 
 587 # show the current Date, Time, and a Calendar with the 3 `current` months
 588 dtc() {
 589     {
 590         # show the current date/time center-aligned
 591         printf "%20s\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n\n" \
 592             "" "$(date +'%a %b %d')" "$(date +%T)"
 593         # debian linux has a different `cal` app which highlights the day
 594         if [ -e /usr/bin/ncal ]; then
 595             # fix debian/ncal's weird way to highlight the current day
 596             ncal -C -3 | sed -E 's/_\x08(.+)_\x08([^ ]+)/\x1b\[7m\1\2\x1b\[0m/'
 597         else
 598             cal -3
 599         fi
 600     } | less -MKiCRS
 601 }
 602 
 603 # EDit RUN shell commands, using an interactive editor; uses my tool `leak`
 604 edrun() {
 605     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
 606     # . <( micro -readonly true -filetype shell | leak --inv )
 607     micro -readonly true -filetype shell | leak --inv | . /dev/fd/0
 608 }
 609 
 610 # convert EURos into CAnadian Dollars, using the latest official exchange
 611 # rates from the bank of canada; during weekends, the latest rate may be
 612 # from a few days ago; the default amount of euros to convert is 1, when
 613 # not given
 614 eur2cad() {
 615     local url
 616     local site='https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group'
 617     local csv_rates="${site}/FX_RATES_DAILY/csv"
 618     url="${csv_rates}?start_date=$(date -d '3 days ago' +'%Y-%m-%d')"
 619     curl -s "${url}" | awk -F, -v amount="$(echo "${1:-1}" | sed 's-_--g')" '
 620         /EUR/ { for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if($i ~ /EUR/) j = i }
 621         END { gsub(/"/, "", $j); if (j != 0) printf "%.2f\n", amount * $j }
 622     '
 623 }
 624 
 625 # Fix Audio Duration on a separate copy of the file given
 626 fad() { ffmpeg -i "${1:-input.m4a}" -acodec copy "${2:-output.dat}"; }
 627 
 628 # get the first n lines, or 1 by default
 629 first() { head -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 630 
 631 # Field-Names AWK remembers field-positions by name, from the first input line
 632 fnawk() {
 633     local code="${1:-1}"
 634     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 635 
 636     local buffering=''
 637     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 638         buffering='stdbuf -oL'
 639     fi
 640 
 641     ${buffering} awk -v OFS="\t" '
 642         NR == 1 {
 643             FS = /\t/ ? "\t" : " "
 644             $0 = $0
 645             for (i in names) delete names[i]
 646             for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) names[$i] = i
 647             i = ""
 648         }
 649         { low = lower = tolower($0) }
 650         '"${code}"'
 651     ' "$@"
 652 }
 653 
 654 # start from the line number given, skipping all previous ones
 655 fromline() { tail -n +"${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 656 
 657 # convert a mix of FeeT and INches into meters
 658 ftin() {
 659     local ft="${1:-0}"
 660     ft="$(echo "${ft}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 661     local in="${2:-0}"
 662     in="$(echo "${in}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 663     awk "BEGIN { print 0.3048 * ${ft} + 0.0254 * ${in}; exit }"
 664 }
 665 
 666 # Gawk Bignum Print
 667 gbp() { gawk --bignum "BEGIN { print $1; exit }"; }
 668 
 669 # glue/stick together various lines, only emitting a line-feed at the end; an
 670 # optional argument is the output-item-separator, which is empty by default
 671 glue() {
 672     local sep="${1:-}"
 673     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 674     awk -v sep="${sep}" '
 675         NR > 1 { printf "%s", sep }
 676         { gsub(/\r/, ""); printf "%s", $0 }
 677         END { if (NR > 0) print "" }
 678     ' "$@"
 679 }
 680 
 681 # GO Build Stripped: a common use-case for the go compiler
 682 gobs() { go build -ldflags "-s -w" -trimpath "$@"; }
 683 
 684 # GO DEPendencieS: show all dependencies in a go project
 685 godeps() { go list -f '{{ join .Deps "\n" }}' "$@"; }
 686 
 687 # GO IMPortS: show all imports in a go project
 688 goimps() { go list -f '{{ join .Imports "\n" }}' "$@"; }
 689 
 690 # go to the folder picked using an interactive TUI; uses my tool `bf`
 691 goto() {
 692     local where
 693     where="$(bf "${1:-.}")"
 694     if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
 695         return 0
 696     fi
 697 
 698     where="$(realpath "${where}")"
 699     if [ ! -d "${where}" ]; then
 700         where="$(dirname "${where}")"
 701     fi
 702     cd "${where}" || return
 703 }
 704 
 705 # show Help laid out on 2 side-by-side columns; uses my tool `bsbs`
 706 h2() { naman "$@" | bsbs 2; }
 707 
 708 # show Help laid out on 3 side-by-side columns; uses my tool `bsbs`
 709 h3() {
 710     local w
 711     w="$(tput -T xterm cols)"
 712     w="$((w / 3 - 6))"
 713     if [ "$w" -lt 55 ]; then
 714         w=55
 715     fi
 716     MANWIDTH="$w" man "$@" | bsbs 3
 717 }
 718 
 719 # Highlighted-style ECHO
 720 hecho() { printf "\e[7m%s\e[0m\n" "$*"; }
 721 
 722 # show each byte as a pair of HEXadecimal (base-16) symbols
 723 hexify() {
 724     cat "$@" | od -v -x -A n | awk '
 725         { gsub(/ +/, ""); printf "%s", $0 }
 726         END { print "" }
 727     '
 728 }
 729 
 730 # Help Me Remember my custom shell commands
 731 hmr() {
 732     local cmd="bat"
 733     # debian linux uses a different name for the `bat` app
 734     if [ -e /usr/bin/batcat ]; then
 735         cmd="batcat"
 736     fi
 737 
 738     "$cmd" \
 739         --style=plain,header,numbers --theme='Monokai Extended Light' \
 740         --wrap=never --color=always "$(which clam)" |
 741             sed -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;70m-\x1b[38;5;28m-g' \
 742                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;214m-\x1b[38;5;208m-g' \
 743                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;243m-\x1b[38;5;103m-g' \
 744                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;238m-\x1b[38;5;245m-g' \
 745                 -e 's-\x1b\[38;5;228m-\x1b[48;5;228m-g' |
 746                 less -MKiCRS
 747 }
 748 
 749 # convert seconds into a colon-separated Hours-Minutes-Seconds triple
 750 hms() {
 751     echo "${@:-0}" | sed -E 's-_--g; s- +-\n-g' | awk '
 752         /./ {
 753             x = $0
 754             h = (x - x % 3600) / 3600
 755             m = (x % 3600) / 60
 756             s = x % 60
 757             printf "%02d:%02d:%05.2f\n", h, m, s
 758         }
 759     '
 760 }
 761 
 762 # find all hyperlinks inside HREF attributes in the input text
 763 href() {
 764     local arg
 765     local awk_cmd='awk'
 766     local grep_cmd='grep'
 767     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 768         grep_cmd='grep --line-buffered'
 769         if [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 770             awk_cmd='stdbuf -oL awk'
 771         fi
 772     fi
 773 
 774     for arg in "${@:--}"; do
 775         ${grep_cmd} -i -E -o 'href="[^"]+"' "${arg}"
 776     done | ${awk_cmd} '{ gsub(/^href="|"\r?$/, ""); print }'
 777 }
 778 
 779 # avoid/ignore lines which case-insensitively match any of the regexes given
 780 iavoid() {
 781     local command='awk'
 782     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 783         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 784     fi
 785 
 786     ${command} '
 787         BEGIN {
 788             if (IGNORECASE == "") {
 789                 m = "this variant of AWK lacks case-insensitive regex-matching"
 790                 print(m) > "/dev/stderr"
 791                 exit 125
 792             }
 793             IGNORECASE = 1
 794 
 795             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 796                 e[i] = ARGV[i]
 797                 delete ARGV[i]
 798             }
 799         }
 800 
 801         {
 802             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) if ($0 ~ e[i]) next
 803             print
 804             got++
 805         }
 806 
 807         END { exit(got == 0) }
 808     ' "${@:-^\r?$}"
 809 }
 810 
 811 # ignore command in a pipe: this allows quick re-editing of pipes, while
 812 # still leaving signs of previously-used steps, as a memo
 813 idem() { cat; }
 814 
 815 # ignore command in a pipe: this allows quick re-editing of pipes, while
 816 # still leaving signs of previously-used steps, as a memo
 817 ignore() { cat; }
 818 
 819 # only keep lines which case-insensitively match any of the regexes given
 820 imatch() {
 821     local command='awk'
 822     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 823         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 824     fi
 825 
 826     ${command} '
 827         BEGIN {
 828             if (IGNORECASE == "") {
 829                 m = "this variant of AWK lacks case-insensitive regex-matching"
 830                 print(m) > "/dev/stderr"
 831                 exit 125
 832             }
 833             IGNORECASE = 1
 834 
 835             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 836                 e[i] = ARGV[i]
 837                 delete ARGV[i]
 838             }
 839         }
 840 
 841         {
 842             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
 843                 if ($0 ~ e[i]) {
 844                     print
 845                     got++
 846                     next
 847                 }
 848             }
 849         }
 850 
 851         END { exit(got == 0) }
 852     ' "${@:-[^\r]}"
 853 }
 854 
 855 # start each non-empty line with extra n spaces
 856 indent() {
 857     local command='awk'
 858     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 859         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 860     fi
 861 
 862     ${command} '
 863         BEGIN {
 864             n = ARGV[1] + 0
 865             delete ARGV[1]
 866             fmt = sprintf("%%%ds%%s\n", (n > 0) ? n : 0)
 867         }
 868 
 869         /^\r?$/ { print ""; next }
 870         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); printf(fmt, "", $0) }
 871     ' "$@"
 872 }
 873 
 874 # INSTall APT packages
 875 instapt() { sudo apt install "$@"; sudo -k; }
 876 
 877 # emit each word-like item from each input line on its own line; when a file
 878 # has tabs on its first line, items are split using tabs alone, which allows
 879 # items to have spaces in them
 880 items() {
 881     local command='awk'
 882     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 883         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 884     fi
 885 
 886     ${command} '
 887         FNR == 1 { FS = /\t/ ? "\t" : " "; $0 = $0 }
 888         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) print $i }
 889     ' "$@"
 890 }
 891 
 892 # listen to streaming JAZZ music
 893 jazz() {
 894     printf "streaming \e[7mSmooth Jazz Instrumental\e[0m\n"
 895     mpv --quiet https://stream.zeno.fm/00rt0rdm7k8uv
 896 }
 897 
 898 # show a `dad` JOKE from the web, sometimes even a very funny one
 899 joke() {
 900     curl --silent --show-error https://icanhazdadjoke.com | fold -s |
 901         awk '{ gsub(/ *\r?$/, ""); print }'
 902 }
 903 
 904 # JSON Query Lines turns JSON top-level arrays into multiple individually-JSON
 905 # lines using the `jq` app, keeping all other top-level values as single line
 906 # JSON outputs
 907 jql() {
 908     local code="${1:-.}"
 909     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 910     jq -c -M "${code} | .[]" "$@"
 911 }
 912 
 913 # JSON Query Keys runs `jq` to find all unique key-combos from tabular JSON
 914 jqk() {
 915     local code="${1:-.}"
 916     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 917     jq -c -M "${code} | .[] | keys" "$@" | awk '!c[$0]++'
 918 }
 919 
 920 # JSON Keys finds all unique key-combos from tabular JSON data; uses my tools
 921 # `jsonl` and `tjp`
 922 jsonk() {
 923     tjp '[e.keys() for e in v] if isinstance(v, (list, tuple)) else v.keys()' \
 924         "${1:--}" | jsonl | awk '!c[$0]++'
 925 }
 926 
 927 # JSON Table, turns TSV tables into tabular JSON, where valid-JSON values are
 928 # auto-parsed into numbers, booleans, etc...; uses my tools `jsons` and `tjp`
 929 jsont() {
 930     jsons "$@" | tjp \
 931         '[{k: rescue(lambda: loads(v), v) for k, v in e.items()} for e in v]'
 932 }
 933 
 934 # emit the given number of random/junk bytes, or 1024 junk bytes by default
 935 junk() { head -c "$(echo "${1:-1024}" | sed 's-_--g')" /dev/urandom; }
 936 
 937 # get the last n lines, or 1 by default
 938 last() { tail -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
 939 
 940 # convert pounds (LB) into kilograms
 941 lb() {
 942     echo "${@:-1}" | sed -E 's-_--g; s- +-\n-g' |
 943         awk '/./ { printf "%.2f\n", 0.45359237 * $0 }'
 944 }
 945 
 946 # convert a mix of pounds (LB) and weight-ounces (OZ) into kilograms
 947 lboz() {
 948     local lb="${1:-0}"
 949     lb="$(echo "${lb}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 950     local oz="${2:-0}"
 951     oz="$(echo "${oz}" | sed 's-_--g')"
 952     awk "BEGIN { print 0.45359237 * ${lb} + 0.028349523 * ${oz}; exit }"
 953 }
 954 
 955 # limit stops at the first n bytes, or 1024 bytes by default
 956 limit() { head -c "$(echo "${1:-1024}" | sed 's-_--g')" "${2:--}"; }
 957 
 958 # ensure LINES are never accidentally joined across files, by always emitting
 959 # a line-feed at the end of each line
 960 lines() {
 961     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 962         stdbuf -oL awk 1 "$@"
 963     else
 964         awk 1 "$@"
 965     fi
 966 }
 967 
 968 # regroup adjacent lines into n-item tab-separated lines
 969 lineup() {
 970     local command='awk'
 971     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
 972         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
 973     fi
 974 
 975     local n="${1:-0}"
 976     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
 977 
 978     if [ "$n" -le 0 ]; then
 979         ${command} '
 980             NR > 1 { printf "\t" }
 981             { printf "%s", $0 }
 982             END { if (NR > 0) print "" }
 983         ' "$@"
 984         return $?
 985     fi
 986 
 987     ${command} -v n="$n" '
 988         NR % n != 1 && n > 1 { printf "\t" }
 989         { printf "%s", $0 }
 990         NR % n == 0 { print "" }
 991         END { if (NR % n != 0) print "" }
 992     ' "$@"
 993 }
 994 
 995 # emit LINEs ending with a Zero/null bytes
 996 linez() {
 997     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
 998         stdbuf -oL awk -v ORS='\000' 1 "$@"
 999     else
1000         awk -v ORS='\000' 1 "$@"
1001     fi
1002 }
1003 
1004 # LiSt files, showing how many 4K-sized storage blocks they use
1005 ls4k() { ls -s --block-size=4096 "$@"; }
1006 
1007 # LiSt MAN pages
1008 lsman() { man -k "${1:-.}"; }
1009 
1010 # MARK the current tab with the message given, followed by the current folder;
1011 # works only on the `bash` shell
1012 mark() {
1013     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
1014         PS1="\[\e[0m\e]0;\w\a\$ "
1015     else
1016         PS1="\[\e[0m\e]0;${*} \w\a\$ "
1017     fi
1018 }
1019 
1020 marklinks() {
1021     local re='https?://[A-Za-z0-9+_.:%-]+(/[A-Za-z0-9+_.%/,#?&=-]*)*'
1022     sed -E 's-('"${re}"')-\x1b]8;;\1\x1b\\\1\x1b]8;;\x1b\\-g' "$@"
1023 }
1024 
1025 # Multi-Core MAKE runs `make` using all cores
1026 mcmake() { make -j "$(nproc)" "$@"; }
1027 
1028 # merge stderr into stdout, which is useful for piped commands
1029 merrge() { "${@:-cat /dev/null}" 2>&1; }
1030 
1031 metajq() {
1032     # https://github.com/stedolan/jq/issues/243#issuecomment-48470943
1033     jq -r -M '
1034         [
1035             path(..) |
1036             map(if type == "number" then "[]" else tostring end) |
1037             join(".") | split(".[]") | join("[]")
1038         ] | unique | map("." + .) | .[]
1039     ' "$@"
1040 }
1041 
1042 # Make In Folder, also showing time and max memory used
1043 mif() {
1044     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
1045     local folder
1046     folder="${1:-.}"
1047     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1048     env -C "${folder}" /usr/bin/time -f "$f" make "$@"
1049 }
1050 
1051 # MINimize DECimalS ignores all trailing decimal zeros in numbers, and even
1052 # the decimal dots themselves, when decimals in a number are all zeros
1053 # mindecs() {
1054 #     local cmd='sed -E'
1055 #     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1056 #         cmd='sed -E -u'
1057 #     fi
1058 #     ${cmd} 's-([0-9]+)\.0+\W-\1-g; s-([0-9]+\.[0-9]*[1-9])0+\W-\1-g' "$@"
1059 # }
1060 
1061 # MaKe, also showing the time taken and the max memory used
1062 mk() {
1063     local f='real %e    user %U    sys %S    mem %M    exit %x'
1064     /usr/bin/time -f "$f" make "$@"
1065 }
1066 
1067 # Number all lines counting from 0, using a tab right after each line number
1068 n0() {
1069     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1070         stdbuf -oL nl -b a -w 1 -v 0 "$@"
1071     else
1072         nl -b a -w 1 -v 0 "$@"
1073     fi
1074 }
1075 
1076 # Number all lines counting from 1, using a tab right after each line number
1077 n1() {
1078     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1079         stdbuf -oL nl -b a -w 1 -v 1 "$@"
1080     else
1081         nl -b a -w 1 -v 1 "$@"
1082     fi
1083 }
1084 
1085 # NArrow MANual, keeps `man` narrow, even if the window/tab is wide when run
1086 naman() {
1087     local w
1088     w="$(tput -T xterm cols)"
1089     w="$((w / 2 - 4))"
1090     if [ "$w" -lt 80 ]; then
1091         w=80
1092     fi
1093     MANWIDTH="$w" man "$@"
1094 }
1095 
1096 # Not AND sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in common
1097 nand() {
1098     # comm -3 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1099     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1100     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -3 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1101 }
1102 
1103 # Nice DEFine dictionary-defines the words given, using an online service
1104 ndef() {
1105     local arg
1106     local gap=0
1107     local options='-MKiCRS'
1108 
1109     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
1110         printf "\e[38;2;204;0;0mndef: no words given\e[0m\n" >&2
1111         return 1
1112     fi
1113 
1114     if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
1115         options='--header=1 -MKiCRS'
1116     fi
1117 
1118     for arg in "$@"; do
1119         [ "${gap}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\n"
1120         gap=1
1121         printf "\e[7m%-80s\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1122         curl --silent "dict://dict.org/d:${arg}" | awk '
1123             { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1124             /^151 / {
1125                 printf "\x1b[38;2;52;101;164m%s\x1b[0m\n", $0
1126                 next
1127             }
1128             /^[1-9][0-9]{2} / {
1129                 printf "\x1b[38;2;128;128;128m%s\x1b[0m\n", $0
1130                 next
1131             }
1132             1
1133         '
1134     done | less ${options}
1135 }
1136 
1137 # listen to streaming NEW WAVE music
1138 newwave() {
1139     printf "streaming \e[7mNew Wave radio\e[0m\n"
1140     mpv --quiet https://puma.streemlion.com:2910/stream
1141 }
1142 
1143 # Nice Json Query Lines colors JSONL data using the `jq` app
1144 njql() {
1145     local code="${1:-.}"
1146     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1147     jq -c -C "${code} | .[]" "$@"
1148 }
1149 
1150 # empty the clipboard
1151 noclip() { wl-copy --clear; }
1152 
1153 # show the current date and time
1154 # now() { date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'; }
1155 
1156 # Nice Print Awk result; uses my tool `nn`
1157 npa() {
1158     local arg
1159     for arg in "$@"; do
1160         awk "BEGIN { print(${arg}); exit }"
1161     done | nn
1162 }
1163 
1164 # Nice Print Python result; uses my tool `nn`
1165 npp() {
1166     local arg
1167     for arg in "$@"; do
1168         python -c "print(${arg})"
1169     done | nn
1170 }
1171 
1172 # Nice Size, using my tool `nn`
1173 ns() { wc -c "$@" | nn; }
1174 
1175 # emit nothing to output and/or discard everything from input
1176 null() { [ $# -gt 0 ] && "$@" > /dev/null; }
1177 
1178 # Operations using 1 or 2 numbers
1179 o() {
1180     awk -v a="${1:-1}" -v b="${2:-1}" -v n="$#" '
1181         function factorial(n, f, i) {
1182             if (n < 1) return 0
1183             f = 1
1184             for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) f *= i
1185             return f
1186         }
1187 
1188         BEGIN {
1189             gsub(/_/, "", a)
1190             gsub(/_/, "", b)
1191 
1192             if (n == 1) {
1193                 printf "1 / %f = %f\n", a, 1 / a
1194                 printf "sqrt(%f) = %f\n", a, sqrt(a)
1195                 printf "log(%f) = %f\n", a, log(a)
1196                 printf "exp(%f) = %f\n", a, exp(a)
1197                 a -= a % 1
1198                 if (a >= 1) printf "%f! = %f\n", a, factorial(a)
1199                 exit
1200             }
1201 
1202             printf "%f + %f = %f\n", a, b, a + b
1203             printf "%f - %f = %f\n", a, b, a - b
1204             printf "%f * %f = %f\n", a, b, a * b
1205             if (a > b) { c = a; a = b; b = c }
1206             c = 1 - a / b
1207             printf "%f / %f = %f\n", a, b, a / b
1208             printf "%f / %f = %f\n", b, a, b / a
1209             printf "%f ^ %f = %f\n", a, b, a ^ b
1210             printf "%f ^ %f = %f\n", b, a, b ^ a
1211             if (0 <= c && c <= 1) printf "1 - (%f / %f) = %f\n", a, b, c
1212             exit
1213         }
1214     '
1215 }
1216 
1217 # Print Python result
1218 pp() {
1219     local arg
1220     for arg in "$@"; do
1221         python -c "print(${arg})"
1222     done
1223 }
1224 
1225 # PRecede (input) ECHO, prepends a first line to stdin lines
1226 precho() { echo "$@" && cat /dev/stdin; }
1227 
1228 # LABEL/precede data with an ANSI-styled line
1229 prelabel() {
1230     printf "\e[7m%-*s\e[0m\n" "$(($(tput -T xterm cols) - 2))" "$*"
1231     cat -
1232 }
1233 
1234 # PREcede (input) MEMO, prepends a first highlighted line to stdin lines
1235 prememo() { printf "\e[7m%-80s\e[0m\n" "$*"; cat -; }
1236 
1237 # start by joining all arguments given as a tab-separated-items line of output,
1238 # followed by all lines from stdin verbatim
1239 pretsv() {
1240     awk '
1241         BEGIN {
1242             for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) {
1243                 if (i > 1) printf "\t"
1244                 printf "%s", ARGV[i]
1245             }
1246             if (ARGC > 1) print ""
1247             exit
1248         }
1249     ' "$@"
1250     cat -
1251 }
1252 
1253 # Plain RipGrep
1254 prg() {
1255     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1256         rg --line-buffered --color=never "${@:-.}"
1257     else
1258         rg --color=never "${@:-.}"
1259     fi
1260 }
1261 
1262 # Quiet MPV
1263 # qmpv() { mpv --quiet "${@:--}"; }
1264 
1265 # Quiet MPV
1266 qmpv() { mpv --really-quiet "${@:--}"; }
1267 
1268 # ignore stderr, without any ugly keyboard-dancing
1269 quiet() { "$@" 2> /dev/null; }
1270 
1271 # keep only lines between the 2 line numbers given, inclusively
1272 rangelines() {
1273     { [ $# -eq 2 ] || [ $# -eq 3 ]; } && [ "${1}" -le "${2}" ] && {
1274         tail -n +"${1}" "${3:--}" | head -n $(("${2}" - "${1}" + 1))
1275     }
1276 }
1277 
1278 # RANdom MANual page
1279 ranman() {
1280     find "/usr/share/man/man${1:-1}" -type f | shuf -n 1 | xargs basename |
1281         sed 's-\.gz$--' | xargs man
1282 }
1283 
1284 # REPeat STRing emits a line with a repeating string in it, given both a
1285 # string and a number in either order
1286 repstr() {
1287     awk '
1288         BEGIN {
1289             if (ARGV[2] ~ /^[+-]?[0-9]+$/) {
1290                 symbol = ARGV[1]
1291                 times = ARGV[2] + 0
1292             } else {
1293                 symbol = ARGV[2]
1294                 times = ARGV[1] + 0
1295             }
1296 
1297             if (times < 0) exit
1298             if (symbol == "") symbol = "-"
1299             s = sprintf("%*s", times, "")
1300             gsub(/ /, symbol, s)
1301             print s
1302             exit
1303         }
1304     ' "$@"
1305 }
1306 
1307 # show a RULER-like width-measuring line
1308 ruler() {
1309     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" "" | sed -E \
1310         's- {10}-····╵····│-g; s- -·-g; s-·····-····╵-'
1311 }
1312 
1313 # SystemCTL; `sysctl` is already taken for a separate/unrelated app
1314 sctl() { systemctl "$@" 2>&1 | less -MKiCRS; }
1315 
1316 # show a unique-looking SEParator line; useful to run between commands
1317 # which output walls of text
1318 sep() {
1319     [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] &&
1320         printf "\e[48;2;218;218;218m%${1:-80}s\e[0m\n" "" | sed 's- -·-g'
1321 }
1322 
1323 # webSERVE files in a folder as localhost, using the port number given, or
1324 # port 8080 by default
1325 serve() {
1326     if [ -d "$1" ]; then
1327         printf "\e[7mserving files in %s\e[0m\n" "$1" >&2
1328         python3 -m http.server -d "$1" "${2:-8080}"
1329     else
1330         printf "\e[7mserving files in %s\e[0m\n" "${2:-$(pwd)}" >&2
1331         python3 -m http.server -d "${2:-$(pwd)}" "${1:-8080}"
1332     fi
1333 }
1334 
1335 # SET DIFFerence sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in the 2nd input
1336 setdiff() {
1337     # comm -23 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1338     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1339     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -23 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1340 }
1341 
1342 # SET INtersection, sorts its 2 inputs, then finds common lines
1343 setin() {
1344     # comm -12 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1345     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1346     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -12 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1347 }
1348 
1349 # SET SUBtraction sorts its 2 inputs, then finds lines not in the 2nd input
1350 setsub() {
1351     # comm -23 <(sort "$1") <(sort "$2")
1352     # dash doesn't support the process-sub syntax
1353     (sort "$1" | (sort "$2" | (comm -23 /dev/fd/3 /dev/fd/4) 4<&0) 3<&0)
1354 }
1355 
1356 # run apps in color-mode, using the popular option `--color=always`
1357 shine() {
1358     local cmd="$1"
1359     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1360     "${cmd}" --color=always "$@"
1361 }
1362 
1363 # skip the first n lines, or the 1st line by default
1364 skip() { tail -n +$(("${1:-1}" + 1)) "${2:--}"; }
1365 
1366 # skip the last n lines, or the last line by default
1367 skiplast() { head -n -"${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
1368 
1369 # SLOW/delay lines from the standard-input, waiting the number of seconds
1370 # given for each line, or waiting 1 second by default
1371 slow() {
1372     local seconds="${1:-1}"
1373     [ $# -gt 0 ] && shift
1374     (
1375         IFS="$(printf "\n")"
1376         awk 1 "$@" | while read -r line; do
1377             sleep "${seconds}"
1378             printf "%s\n" "${line}"
1379         done
1380     )
1381 }
1382 
1383 # Show Latest Podcasts, using my tools `podfeed` and `si`
1384 slp() {
1385     local title
1386     title="Latest Podcast Episodes as of $(date +'%F %T')"
1387     podfeed -title "${title}" "$@" | si
1388 }
1389 
1390 # emit the first line as is, sorting all lines after that, using the
1391 # `sort` command, passing all/any arguments/options to it
1392 sortrest() {
1393     awk -v sort="sort $*" '
1394         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1395         { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1396         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1397         NR >= 2 { print | sort }
1398     '
1399 }
1400 
1401 # SORt Tab-Separated Values: emit the first line as is, sorting all lines after
1402 # that, using the `sort` command in TSV (tab-separated values) mode, passing
1403 # all/any arguments/options to it
1404 sortsv() {
1405     awk -v sort="sort -t \"$(printf '\t')\" $*" '
1406         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1407         { gsub(/\r$/, "") }
1408         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1409         NR >= 2 { print | sort }
1410     '
1411 }
1412 
1413 # emit a line with the number of spaces given in it
1414 spaces() { [ "${1:-80}" -gt 0 ] && printf "%${1:-80}s\n" ""; }
1415 
1416 # SQUeeze horizontal spaces and STOMP vertical gaps
1417 squomp() {
1418     local command='awk'
1419     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1420         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1421     fi
1422 
1423     ${command} '
1424         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1425         /^\r?$/ { empty = 1; next }
1426         empty { if (n > 0) print ""; empty = 0 }
1427 
1428         {
1429             gsub(/^ +| *\r?$/, "")
1430             gsub(/ *\t */, "\t")
1431             gsub(/  +/, " ")
1432             print; n++
1433         }
1434     ' "$@"
1435 }
1436 
1437 # TAC Lines outputs input-lines in reverse order, last one first, and so on...
1438 tacl() {
1439     awk '
1440         { gsub(/\r$/, ""); lines[NR] = $0 }
1441         END { for (i = NR; i >= 1; i--) print lines[i] }
1442     ' "$@"
1443 }
1444 
1445 # TINY GO Build Optimized: a common use-case for the tinygo compiler
1446 tinygobo() { tinygo build -no-debug -opt=2 "$@"; }
1447 
1448 # show current date in a specifc format
1449 today() { date +'%Y-%m-%d %a %b %d'; }
1450 
1451 # get the first n lines, or 1 by default
1452 toline() { head -n "${1:-1}" "${2:--}"; }
1453 
1454 # get the processes currently using the most cpu
1455 topcpu() {
1456     local n="${1:-10}"
1457     [ "$n" -gt 0 ] && ps aux | awk '
1458         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1459         NR > 1 { print | "sort -rnk3,3" }
1460     ' | head -n "$(("$n" + 1))"
1461 }
1462 
1463 # get the processes currently using the most memory
1464 topmemory() {
1465     local n="${1:-10}"
1466     [ "$n" -gt 0 ] && ps aux | awk '
1467         NR == 1 { print; fflush() }
1468         NR > 1 { print | "sort -rnk6,6" }
1469     ' | head -n "$(("$n" + 1))"
1470 }
1471 
1472 # only keep UNIQUE lines, keeping them in their original order
1473 unique() {
1474     local command='awk'
1475     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1476         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1477     fi
1478 
1479     ${command} '
1480         BEGIN { for (i = 1; i < ARGC; i++) if (f[ARGV[i]]++) delete ARGV[i] }
1481         !c[$0]++
1482     ' "$@"
1483 }
1484 
1485 # fix lines, ignoring leading UTF-8_BOMs (byte-order-marks) on each input's
1486 # first line, turning all end-of-line CRLF byte-pairs into single line-feeds,
1487 # and ensuring each input's last line ends with a line-feed; trailing spaces
1488 # are also ignored
1489 unixify() {
1490     local command='awk'
1491     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1492         command='stdbuf -oL awk'
1493     fi
1494 
1495     ${command} '
1496         FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1497         { gsub(/ *\r?$/, ""); print }
1498     ' "$@"
1499 }
1500 
1501 # skip the first/leading n bytes
1502 unleaded() { tail -c +$(("$1" + 1)) "${2:--}"; }
1503 
1504 # go UP n folders, or go up 1 folder by default
1505 up() {
1506     if [ "${1:-1}" -le 0 ]; then
1507         cd .
1508     else
1509         cd "$(printf "%${1:-1}s" "" | sed 's- -../-g')" || return $?
1510     fi
1511 }
1512 
1513 # convert United States Dollars into CAnadian Dollars, using the latest
1514 # official exchange rates from the bank of canada; during weekends, the
1515 # latest rate may be from a few days ago; the default amount of usd to
1516 # convert is 1, when not given
1517 usd2cad() {
1518     local url
1519     local site='https://www.bankofcanada.ca/valet/observations/group'
1520     local csv_rates="${site}/FX_RATES_DAILY/csv"
1521     url="${csv_rates}?start_date=$(date -d '3 days ago' +'%Y-%m-%d')"
1522     curl -s "${url}" | awk -F, -v amount="$(echo "${1:-1}" | sed 's-_--g')" '
1523         /USD/ { for (i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if($i ~ /USD/) j = i }
1524         END { gsub(/"/, "", $j); if (j != 0) printf "%.2f\n", amount * $j }
1525     '
1526 }
1527 
1528 # What Are These (?) shows what the names given to it are/do
1529 wat() {
1530     local arg
1531     local gap=0
1532     local less_options='-MKiCRS'
1533 
1534     if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
1535         echo "$0"
1536         return 0
1537     fi
1538 
1539     if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
1540         less_options='-MKiCRS --header=1'
1541     fi
1542 
1543     for arg in "$@"; do
1544         [ "${gap}" -gt 0 ] && printf "\n"
1545         gap=1
1546         printf "\e[7m%-80s\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1547 
1548         while alias "${arg}" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null; do
1549             arg="$(alias "${arg}" | sed -E "s-^[^=]+=['\"](.+)['\"]\$-\\1-")"
1550         done
1551 
1552         if echo "${arg}" | grep -q ' '; then
1553             printf "%s\n" "${arg}"
1554             continue
1555         fi
1556 
1557         if declare -f "${arg}"; then
1558             continue
1559         fi
1560 
1561         if which "${arg}" > /dev/null 2> /dev/null; then
1562             which "${arg}"
1563             continue
1564         fi
1565 
1566         printf "\e[38;2;204;0;0m%s not found\e[0m\n" "${arg}"
1567     done | { less -MKiCRS ${less_options} 2> /dev/null || cat; }
1568 }
1569 
1570 # find all WEB/hyperLINKS (https:// and http://) in the input text
1571 weblinks() {
1572     local arg
1573     local re='https?://[A-Za-z0-9+_.:%-]+(/[A-Za-z0-9+_.%/,#?&=-]*)*'
1574     local grep_cmd='grep'
1575     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1576         grep_cmd='grep --line-buffered'
1577     fi
1578 
1579     for arg in "${@:--}"; do
1580         ${grep_cmd} -i -E -o "${re}" "${arg}"
1581     done
1582 }
1583 
1584 # recursively find all files with trailing spaces/CRs
1585 whichtrails() {
1586     if [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; then
1587         rg --line-buffered  -c '[ \r]+$' "${@:-.}"
1588     else
1589         rg -c '[ \r]+$' "${@:-.}"
1590     fi
1591 }
1592 
1593 # turn all wsl/unix-style full-paths into WINdows-style full-PATHS
1594 winpaths() { sed -E 's-/mnt/(.)/-\u\1:/-' "$@"; }
1595 
1596 # XARGS Lines, runs `xargs` using whole lines as extra arguments
1597 xargsl() {
1598     if { [ -p /dev/stdout ] || [ -t 1 ]; } && [ -e /usr/bin/stdbuf ]; then
1599         stdbuf -oL awk -v ORS='\000' '
1600             FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1601             { gsub(/\r$/, ""); print }
1602         ' | stdbuf -oL xargs -0 "$@"
1603     else
1604         awk -v ORS='\000' '
1605             FNR == 1 { gsub(/^\xef\xbb\xbf/, "") }
1606             { gsub(/\r$/, ""); print }
1607         ' | xargs -0 "$@"
1608     fi
1609 }
1610 
1611 # Youtube Audio Player
1612 yap() {
1613     local url
1614     # some youtube URIs end with extra playlist/tracker parameters
1615     url="$(echo "$1" | sed 's-&.*--')"
1616     mpv "$(yt-dlp -x --audio-format best --get-url "${url}" 2> /dev/null)"
1617 }
1618 
1619 # show a calendar for the current YEAR, or for the year given
1620 year() {
1621     {
1622         # show the current date/time center-aligned
1623         printf \
1624             "%21s\e[38;2;78;154;6m%s\e[0m  \e[38;2;52;101;164m%s\e[0m\n\n" \
1625             "" "$(date +'%a %b %d %Y')" "$(date +'%H:%M')"
1626         # debian linux has a different `cal` app which highlights the day
1627         if [ -e /usr/bin/ncal ]; then
1628             # fix debian/ncal's weird way to highlight the current day
1629             ncal -C -y "$@" | sed -E \
1630                 's/_\x08(.+)_\x08([^ ]+)/\x1b\[7m\1\2\x1b\[0m/'
1631         else
1632             cal -y "$@"
1633         fi
1634     } | { less -MKiCRS 2> /dev/null || cat; }
1635 }
1636 
1637 # show the current date in the YYYY-MM-DD format
1638 ymd() { date +'%Y-%m-%d'; }